Historical Development of Earnings Management Models

Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, University of Zilina, Slovakia

^* Corresponding author: anna.siekelova@fpedas.uniza.sk

Abstract

Research background: Contribution responds to the current issue of Earnings Management (hereafter „EM“) initiatives. Authors have been dealing with EM initiatives since at least the 1960s. Initial studies came from the USA. Due to the globalization, awareness of EM techniques and models created abroad is also reaching European countries. Especially after the recent economic fluctuations (financial crisis in 2009; COVID-19 in 2020), the application of EM principles in companies with an effort to achieve a balanced profit can be assumed. The issue of earnings management has begun to be associated with the issue of its measurement. The problem is a large number of models, so choosing one is not easy. Although earnings management issue has been investigated under various hypotheses, there is no agreement on a uniform detection or measurement of earnings management practices. A number of earnings management models can be found in studies. Many of them were created recently, others are older. Most originated abroad.

Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to clarify the historical development of earnings management models.

Methods: Bibliometric analysis for historical development of EM models.

Findings & Value added: The added value of the contribution is in the clarification of the historical development of the EM model as well as clarify the development of profit models.