New Thinking on Rural and Farmers in the Process of Urban-rural Integration

The integration of urban and rural areas is the booster of rural areas and farmers overall development and also is the inevitable choice for the economic and social development. The core of urban and rural areas integration is: firstly, it has the corresponding city function; secondly, there are rural resources; and finally, it could narrow the market differentiation and environmental differences. With the continuous development of society, the countryside and peasant problem is particularly prominent in the urban and rural economic structures. However, the ultimate goal that promotes urbanrural integration and coordinated development is to benefit the rural areas and farmers in return. In the process of urban-rural integration, the countryside and the farmers have the transition and development opportunities to accelerate the development to the urban and rural integration. Likewise, urban and rural integration process conversely promotes rural community development and improvement of farmers. Through analyzing the background and connotation about urban and rural areas integration, this paper analyzes the characteristics of rural and peasant, points out the overall thinking and goal of the development, concentrate on the core role of rural areas and farmers in the process of urban-rural integration, and explain how the countryside and peasants promote each other in the process of urban-rural integration.


Putting forward the scientific basis of urban-rural integration
The Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China Report that the President Hu Jintao clearly puts forward: "to promote the integration of urban and rural development" [2], he said, "properly solve agriculture rural farmers work problems is the top priority, the integration of urban and rural development is the fundamental way to solve the problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers".Promote urban-rural integration is to promote the common prosperity between urban and rural areas, to make the broad masses of farmers to participate in the modernization process, to share the achievements of modern.And thorough the efforts to promote the new rural construction and poverty alleviation and development that is to improve rural production and living conditions, to enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, to promote the farmers' income, to keep the rapid income growth, narrow the gap between urban and rural.The rural community into the integration of urban community development builds a system of new rural, agricultural production system, to improve the farmer's treatment, to ensure that farmers' land value-added income and modernization of agriculture and national comprehensive development.To improve the integration of urban and rural development system and mechanism, to promote equal exchange, and urban and rural public resources equilibrium configuration, formed to promote agriculture, led the country to the city, reciprocity of workers and peasants, a new type of workers and peasants, urban and rural relationship between urban and rural area.

Putting forward the real background of the urban-rural integration
China has being reformed more than 30 years and the rural have achieved fruitful results: poverty has become history, the broad masses of working people have solved the clothing and food problems, and the whole country has entered the new period of construction a well-off society.However, the widening gap between urban and rural areas is more and more prominent to influence our country's modernization smooth construction.The most direct reason of the widening gap in urban and rural areas in our country is: the government for a long time use mandatory means to transfer capital from agriculture to industry, through "price scissors" between the industrial and agricultural products price.At the same time, combined with a series of urban-rural division of the household registration system matching with urban labor employment system, social security system, rural land management system such as effective reasonable allocation of resources between urban and rural areas, it made urban and rural residents did not enjoy the same national treatment in tax, employment, education, health care, and social security, which intensify the imbalance of urban and rural structure and widen the urbanrural income gap.
According to data from the national bureau of statistics, it shows that since 1978 our country presented a tendency of the widening gap between urban and rural areas: the proportion of the income gap between urban and rural areas in 1978 was 2.6:1; the proportion of the income gap between urban and rural areas in 2007 was 3.33:1; the proportion of the income gap between urban and rural areas in 2009 was 3.33:1, as the largest calendar year; Proportion of the income gap between urban and rural areas in 2010 was 3.23:1; the income gap between urban and rural areas of ratio of 3.13:1, the gap between urban and rural areas in 2012 was 3.1:2; the growth rate of the average income of farmers in western region was 14.9%, which higher than the eastern region 2%.There is a decrease in the income gap between urban and rural areas and the regional differences, which may be related to the synchronous development between urban and rural areas.In order to realize the modernization of China, it is necessary to promote the integration of urban and rural, to promote the common development of urban and rural structure.With the modernization of rural areas and farmers, it is possible to realize the modernization of China.

The connotation of urban-rural integration
The root of the urban-rural integration is the binary structure of urban and rural development, which means the urban and rural dual structure in the natural and social forms.In the natural form the city and the country are two kinds of inhomogeneous regional space: urban area is highly centralized in population, economic elements and infrastructure while rural area has sparse population with fresh air and attractive landscape.In social form the differences mainly include land system, household registration system, employment system, social welfare system and so on.The integration of urban and rural areas should aim to eliminate the differences between town and country in social form while protect the differences in the natural form at the same time.[3] Urban-rural integration is not to eliminate the differences between urban and rural, simply transform rural areas into urban communities, and turn farmers into citizens, but make use of the advantages of cities to support the rural development.Farmers in the process have the ability and have the chance to become the main body of this development and enjoy the fruits of development.Similarly, to maximize the development of rural resources will not only solve the problems of the current rural hollowing out but also bring new solutions to the problems of the heavy load of the urban development.All kinds of opinions and experience to solve the problem of rural areas and farmers are important cores of the urban and rural integration process.

The characteristics of rural areas and peasants in the process of urban and rural integration
The countryside and peasant problem is the fundamental problem in urban and rural integration process, which determines the development degree and success of urban-rural development.At present, the critical question is how to promote the integration of urban and rural social improvement in rural and farmers, how to achieve its successful transformation and how to make a great improvement to an impregnable position in the modern society.There is no doubt that the current urban and rural integration promotion are still in the initial stage.The direction of the construction of new socialist countryside is only given at a macro aspect, but the traditional concept of natural factors change, so some specific conditions need to be implied to make an adjustment, such as society, economy, and history.

Deep-rooted notion, lack of long-term consciousness
Urban and rural integration requires for a good environment of manufacture living and development.But in the process of urban-rural integration, the rural cultural development is facing the influences from the city culture and foreign culture.The personal quality of the farmers can't keep up with the development, such as the low degree of sensitivity of their own culture and the concept of the protection of cultural relics.Particularly, the rural population quality is lower compared with the citizens'.Facing the problem of development, the peasants are always in a subordinate position which is bad for promoting the development of urban and rural integration.The deep-rooted traditional thought makes them reject new things in different levels which is not beneficial to the implementation of the new policy.

Education has not returned to the farmer standard
Due to differences in long-term development of rural and urban society, Lead to farmers still exist psychological burden, this become a restraining factor that farmers into the city and City acceptance of farmers.The integration of urban and rural areas to promote The integration of urban and rural areas promote integration and communication of rural and urban, must accept the reality of rural areas and farmers in psychology, to ensure the rights and interests of farmers, and that cannot be differentiated treatment.The integration of urban and rural areas have a higher requirement for the farmers' quality and education, But the lack of long-term support for rural infrastructure construction and education, lead to urban and rural dual structure on the two extremes, education has become a way to get out of the country, The development of urban and rural education resources is becoming more and more atrophy.Both employment and development, education is the key, not only to the development of basic education, the development of farmers professional education is also necessary, at present, agricultural industry is given priority to with farmers such as: happy farmhouse, Plant breeding, etc., if the quality and consciousness of manager is not high, it will seriously affect the development of the industry, only to start from the education, improve the professional level and quality of farmers, can increase farmers' employment, can promotes the development of relevant industries.

Lack of funds to develop
A lot of funds needed to be put in the process of integrated development.After carrying out the reform and opening up, rural labor especially agricultural population flowed into cities, which increased the farmers' employment, implemented the rise of government finances and the increase of farmers' personal income.However, the disposable funds in agricultural development and farmers' development are quite rare.The result, from the development of the city's blood type, has become a problem which cannot be ignored in the process of urban and rural integration, and should be given strong support to country and farmers.

overall thinking
Urban and rural area integration is a transformation both in rural and urban society.The fundamental problem in the process of the integration is the rural areas and famers.All the development ideas and patterns are related to the issues of countryside and peasantry.What the problems exposed by the issues are exactly the imbalances in the development of urban-rural integration.The purpose of developing urban rural integration is to solve the problems above.The "Five-in-One" is one of the "New Formulation" in the eighteenth CPC National Congress, including the economic construction, political construction, cultural, and ecological civilization construction and social construction.Based on the perspective of "Five-in-One", we will card the general idea of current development.

Give a distinct idea on the orientation of rural development
We should work together to develop the economy in rural areas, expand rural areas' influences and construct the same services system with urban, so that the peasants are becoming the main force and making greater contribution to urban-rural integration.

A. Accelerate the development of rural infrastructure
The rural infrastructure includes the hydroelectric, education, transportation, technology and so on in rural society.In the context of urban-rural integration, it is exactly appropriate to increase the investment in infrastructure.Only create a good producing and living conditions can rural areas progress, and peasants integrate into urban.Otherwise, the rural areas will come apart with urban, and there will not be integration.The development of integration is to change the current situation that the rural areas are isolated to modern world, making fusion of rural places and cuties.That will eliminate the barriers and open a way for rural areas.B. The rural area is in greatest need because of its unprecedented development.
The differences between urban and rural areas are not only income gap, but the more important are infrastructure and public service provided by the government.The public services provided by government mainly include four parts: education, health, culture and social insurance.What the original intention of urban-rural integration is to eliminate their disparity and keep the same step on the rationality of the whole social development.Under the guidance of current policies, the well conditions are better and better while the bad environment is worse and worse, which is in an unbalanced state.Therefore, instead of standing on the same starting line, government should give some inclinations on compatible capital and policies to improve step by step.But it is not "differential treatment".Although the education, health, culture and social insurance have achieved equalization at the policy level, there is still a big gap between urban and rural areas on the standard of basic medical guarantees per capital founding.Many phenomena above indicate that if not increase the input of infrastructure and public utility in rural areas, the urban-rural gap will be bigger and bigger.And that's the reason why the phenomenon of overloading has been appearing and rural populations are flocking to big cities.In the process of urban-rural integration, government should focus the key on infrastructure and public service, and consider the general idea from the standpoint of countrysides and peasants.If not, the proceeding of construction will be only urbanization, rather than urban-rural integration.

C. Farmers' income increase and live happily
The Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee set a goal of doubling per capital disposable income (deducting the CPI) of rural residents by 2020 from the 2008 level.However, judging from the present situation, it is very difficult to true narrow the urban-rural gap.Because farmers have a great many outgoes, while the source of income is single and limited.Farmers in small and medium towns should be given the equal rights to develop economy, in this way, a serious of urban developing problems can be relieved.

Estimate for the feature and stage of current development in rural areas
About the development of rural areas, agriculture and farmers, the report of eighteenth CPC National Congress put forward to promote the process of urban-rural integration.Its cores are following: intensify the effort in balancing rural and urban development to make rural areas energetic, urbanrural gap narrow and economy prosperous; adhere the policies of industry nurturing agriculture, cities supporting the countryside, giving more, taking less and liberalizing the countryside; increase preferential and beneficial policy support to make peasants participate in modern progress equally and share the achievement together; try best to make farmers' income increase and maintain a high growth rate.
It is an enhancement of awareness for the urban-rural integration to make judgments like these, whose aims are equal exchange between urban and rural areas, balanced allocation of public resources and establishment of new relationship between workers and peasants, urban and rural places.The emphasis of speeding up to perfect the mechanism of urban-rural integration is to promote the integration progress on urban and rural planning, base installation, public service and so on.So that the software and hardware in the development of rural areas can be regarded as an evaluation standard for urban-rural gap.

construction goals
The ultimate purposes of the development of countryside, peasant and urban-rural integration are consistent, which includes a all-round improvement on rural economic level, a equalization of basic public service, a rapid growth of peasants' income, a mechanism perfection on the integration, and a higher rate of employment.As a result, the income gap will be narrowed; the population of middleincome groups grows rapidly while the poverty populations reduce.At last, there is no difference between rural areas and urban as well as peasants and townspeople.They will share the achievements all together and develop in the same pace.

Reflections on "Five-in-One" in the process of urban-rural integration
The "Five-in-One" is one of the "New Formulation" in the eighteenth CPC National Congress, including the economic construction, political construction, cultural, and ecological civilization construction and social construction.In the process of integration development, we must pay more attention to creation, and avoiding repeated development.In addition, we should protect the ecological environment actively, stepping into a new era of socialist ecological civilization and building a new countryside in ecological China.
From the perspective of economic construction, what for the urban-rural integration, it means for sharing the economic achievement together.Taking economy as a link and then facilitating the integration will increase the peasants' income.At the same time, the productive forces and the relations of production as well as economic base and superstructure will be coordinated.From above, we can see that countryside and peasants will be the main forces during the battle of development.So it is necessary to audaciously plan and construct the urban-rural integration, which is not only the motive power of development, but also the opportunity.In the process of our country's sustained economic development, if we want to narrow this urban-rural gap, we must coordinate the urban-rural economy by the great-leap-forward development.
From the perspective of political construction, the equalization of cretariat service between urban and rural places is a long-term regional policy, which has a close relationship with the whole nation's well-beings, even the country's economic development.Therefore, only the Three Issues are solved, can the whole nation be well-off.The rural development must be supported in high strength by governmental policies, and then the developing space of peasants will be promoted inevitably.Look at it from this standpoint, at present, the countrysides and peasants should strengthen self-construction and master some educational skills.Once you have a comprehensive understanding about connotation of the integration, you will grasp the tendency and make the road of development deeper, farther and faster.
From the perspective of cultural construction, in the recent years, the rural cultural undertakings have been flourished.There are good results in Radio and TV village project, the activities to bring cultural scientific medical services to the rural areas, the student village officials, the popularization of informatization in rural areas and so on.But on the whole, the cultural construction has not been harmonious with the development of the economy and society.With the improvement of peasants' living standard, however, the input of rural cultural construction has not kept pace with it, which is result in the phenomenon that the cultural construction has been attaching the importance to city rather than rural areas and led to dualistic structure of culture tremendously.From the contradiction between peasants' rising standards of living and deficient demands for rural spiritual culture, the economic development is the foundation and the cultural construction is the key point.Besides, the development marketplace among rural areas and peasants is broad in the process of urban-rural integration.
From the perspective of the social constructive contents, there should be four balances at least, including urban and rural development, economic and social development, harmonious development between human beings and nature.Besides, social construction also includes the improvement of producing and living conditions in rural areas.The urban-rural integration aims at two subjects --the countrysides and the peasants, and centering on all kinds of social undertaking ( rural education, culture, health, social insurance, infrastructure, etc. gives clear answers to following questions: why and how to develop rural economy; why and how to improve the peasants' producing and living environment; why and how to increase peasants' income.Thus, we can fundamentally promote the construction of integration.In return, the countrysides and peasants will be asked for better requests to adapt and promote the urban-rural integration.
From the perspective of the ecological and civilized construction, a good ecological environment is the foundation of a sustainable development for human beings and society.The promotion of urbanrural integration is exactly a scientific way of development, which coordinates the development between countryside and industry; bring a great improvement to peasants' living quality.Moreover, the integration will give a proper protection to environment, and develop a better industrial structure.To achieve sustainable development, the countrysides and peasants have to improve the regulatory system of ecological civilization and put the environmental elements, ecological benefits and so on under the category of consideration.Only by doing so can we sustainably take the road of sustainable

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The integration of urban and rural areas' several basic questionsDOI: 10.1051/ C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2014 ,