Juvenile technologies as a system of organisation of social partnership of the state and society

. The article presents the analysis of different approaches to the definition of "juvenile technologies", presented both in scientific publications and in the activities of institutions engaged in the work with minors, including those who have found themselves in difficult situations and/or in conflict with the law. The analysis of the organization of interdepartmental cooperation between governmental bodies of Omsk Region and social institutions, as well as educational organizations on the implementation of juvenile technologies in Omsk region has been conducted. The study allowed posing the problem of inconsistencies in the understanding of juvenile technologies, which does not allow establishing an effective juvenile system. The authors propose an alternative vision of the concepts. It is proposed to increase the efficiency of the use of juvenile technologies at the expense of the organization of continuous monitoring of the implementation of juvenile technologies in the region, where pedagogical, psychological, legal, financial evaluation criteria would be presented.


Introduction
In the last 10 years, there has been an increased attention to the problem of technologies used in the work with minors, it being increased on the part of both public authorities and representatives of different scientific fields. The analysis of publications concerning the problem of juvenile law, innovation technologies, applied with respect to minors in the last 5 years, justifies this conclusion. A weighty stimulus both for scientific research and for changes in the legislative base at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation, activation of the use of innovative projects in the work connected with minors, allowed passing Decree of the President of the first of June, 2012, N 761 "On the national strategy of the actions in the interests of children for 2012 -2017" [14]. This document set a task of not only creation of friendly justice with respect to minors, but also of introduction innovation (social, juvenile) technologies into the work of institutions, where the main participant of the relationships is a minor.
However, the development of juvenile technologies proceed along the path of trial and error, realisation of pilot projects, initiated, as a rule, by public organisations [15]. Such approach to addressing the issues within this line of public policy generates disconnected actions based on the absence of clear understanding of "juvenile technologies" and a "juvenile system". This fact in its turn does not allow building an effective system of interdepartmental cooperation and developing a set of criteria for evaluation of such technologies realisation.

Methodology.
Analysis of the approaches to the consideration of the notion "juvenile technologies" To analyse the theoretical approaches to the definition of the notions "juvenile technologies", "juvenile system" and "mediative technologies", the authors have analysed some particular scientific publications. The publications in the journal "Issues of juvenile jurisdiction" are of indubitable interest. A number of articles are devoted to the development of juvenile science and juvenile law, the issue of legislative consolidation of the notion "juvenile jurisdiction". The articles devoted to the foreign experience of "juvenile jurisdiction" allow considering what juvenile technologies are used abroad [1,13].
The articles devoted to mediation as a technology, used in the work with minors having found themselves in conflict with the law and/or in a difficult life situation and presented by the psychologists-practitioners and authors-developers of the pilot projects in the field of juvenile technologies are of particular interest for the authors [2,7].
A separate block of publications that have been analysed by the authors represented the materials of the conferences, where the experience of the regions, which implement the pilot projects on programmes of "juvenile legal procedure", the programmes of supporting minors having found themselves in conflict with the law and/or in a difficult life situation, was presented. [3,8,11,14].
Despite the positive dynamics of the interest to the problem under consideration, it is necessary to emphasize a number of problems. Still, there is a problem of absence of clear understanding of legislative consolidation of the notions "juvenile right", "juvenile technologies" as well as the definitions of these notions in scientific research. The authors put emphasis on this problem in a number of articles in the framework of the study of this problematics [10]. The study is based not only on the theoretical analysis. Over a period of 2012 -2015, the authors took an active part in the organisation and conducting of a series of events concerning the problems of implementation of juvenile technologies in Omsk region in the context of activity of the innovation platform of the Legal Advisory Service of the Civil Education Centre of Omsk State Pedagogical University and joint projects with Yurginsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) [16,17]. The analysis of the results of these events, where the main participants were the specialists of committees on juvenile cases, social educational specialists, representatives of social rehabilitation centres, representatives of the Ministry of Education of Omsk region, the Apparatus of the Commissioner of the rights of the child, allows making a conclusion that on the part of the specialists and representatives of the bodies of state administration there is no clear understanding of juvenile technologies as well. The analysis of the reports of the institutes' activity, of the analytical materials of the bodies of state administration of Omsk region shows that these materials contain different wording with respect to the list of technologies used in the work with minors. They include "innovation technologies", "social technologies"; the wording "juvenile technologies" is of rare occurrence, and it is brought out not into the title but can be met in the text of the report and in other analytical materials.
There is a necessity of elucidation of the notions "juvenile right", "juvenile technologies", "juvenile legislation", which is emphasized by V.L. Kabanov, pointing out the contradiction of the interpretation of such notions, pluralism of opinions" [6].
The development of scientific thought with respect to studying of the notion "juvenile technologies" reflects the widening of the approaches to its definition. In a number of scientific publications, as well as in the materials of the conferences, representing generalization of the experience on introduction of these technologies into the subjects of the Russian Federation, the notion "juvenile (mediative, reinstatement technologies)", "humanitarian technologies with respect to minors" is used [3,4].
The introduction of mediation has led to the use of the notion of "mediative (juvenile, reinstatement) technologies" [9,12,7], which, in our view, does not reflect the entire essence of the considered notion.
A.M. Velikotskaya and A.V. Ivanova consider the complex of social and innovation technologies, realised by separate subjects of the Russian Federation, and unite them under the notion of "juvenile justice" [2].
On the whole, most part of the publications, among which the materials of the conferences are of particular importance [5], as their analysis allows treating the development both as a practice of realisation of juvenile technologies and as approaches to the definition of this notion, puts emphasis on the necessity of the elaboration of the general consensus in defining the notion "juvenile technologies" and in consolidating this notion at the legislative level [1].
To overcome the existing contradictions, the authors suggest using the notion "juvenile system" instead of "juvenile justice", as this notion, first, is negatively treated by society and, second, reflects narrow aspects of the activity of separate public authorities with respect to minors, in the first place, of the justice system. One of the definitions, suggested by the authors, sounds as juvenile technologies, which are a combination of the measures with the use of methods, means, forms of the work of legal, psychological, medical support of the minors, having found themselves in a difficult life situation, as well as support of the family [10].

The analysis of realisation of juvenile technologies in Omsk Region
The analysis of the activity of social institutions in Omsk region over a period of 2014 -2015, and of the reports of separate Ministries of Omsk region allows claiming that in 2015 the introduction of innovation (social, juvenile) technologies became a preferred direction of the state policy of Omsk region. About 80% of technologies introduced in the activity of the jurisdictional institutions are directed at rendering of assistance to minors found themselves in a difficult life situation or in conflict with the law. For instance, the performance of individual preventive work with minors found themselves in a socially dangerous position, including those who are in trouble with the law, on the basis of interdepartmental cooperation through creation of the individual plan; the establishment of a social hotel for minors found themselves in conflict with the law; introduction of the intervention programme of manifestation of social maladjustment by the children found themselves in conflict with the law; introduction of mediative (reinstatement) methods and mechanisms of prevention of conflict situations in the educational organisations.
At the same time, it is necessary to note that the realisation of such technologies is based on the optimization of interdepartmental cooperation. All 13 innovation programmes, implemented by the social institutions and educational organisations of Omsk region in 2015, were realised in close collaboration with the institutes of civil society, budgetary institutions along with the public authorities of Omsk region.
For evaluation of the efficiency of introduction of these technologies into the activity of the public

Conclusion
The analysis of the experience of realisation of innovation technologies with respect to minors shows that juvenile technologies are interpreted by the subjects of the corresponding social relations differently: 1) as juvenile, social technologies and multimedia technologies -in the activity of budgetary organisations, realising the programmes of supporting the families and minors having found themselves in conflict with the law and in a difficult life situation; 2) as mediative (reinstatement) technologies -in the activity of the courts when realising legal procedures with respect to minors, as well as in the activity of conciliation services in the educational organisations; The evaluation of the effectiveness of these technologies require additional attention. It should allow considering peculiarities of technologies realisation in the dynamics, and psychological, motivational characteristics. The analysis of the attitude of both a minor and the members of his/her family, with regard to whom juvenile (social, reinstatement, innovation) technologies are used, as well as the attitudes of specialists who realise these technologies, will be of great interest.
A complex analysis from the viewpoint of political and legal regulation of interdepartmental cooperation during realisation of these technologies, from the viewpoint of pedagogical and psychological positions, as well as organisational and financial expenditures, will allow obtaining a fuller picture of prospects of further development of these technologies in the works of all interested subjects.