Exploring the values of the local wisdom of kediri through harinjing and ceker inscription

Indonesia needs human resources in sufficient quantity and quality as a major supporter of development. To fulfill these human resources, education has a very important role is character development. One effort that can be done by the people of Kediri as an effort to build Indonesia is to use the values of local wisdom as a force. This values can be explored from Harinjing and Ceker Inscription which is located in Kediri, East Java. This research uses qualitative approach with descriptive method. The research purpose is to explore the potentials of local wisdom of Kediri people through (1) the history of Harinjing Inscription and (2) the history of Ceker Inscription. The results of this research that (1) The construction of embankments and holy buildings on the Serinjing River and the making of irrigation systems in Siman, Kepung, Kediri by Bhagawanta Bari proves that since the time of the kingdom, the people of Kediri have a caring to environmental and social, mutual cooperation, and religious character; (2) The people of Kediri also has the character of love of the homeland and faithful. This is evidenced through the inscriptions in Ceker found in the Sukoanyar, Mojo, Kediri.


Introduction
Local Wisdom consists of two words of wisdom and local (KBBI).In general, local wisdom can be interpreted as local ideas that are wise, full of wisdom, good value, which is embedded and followed by members of the community.In the discipline of Anthropology local wisdom known by the term local genius.Local genius is the term first introduced by Quaritch Wales.Many anthropologists are discussing about the mean of local genius, such as Haryati Soebadio who said that local genius is also local identity, identity or cultural personality of the nation that causes the nation is able to absorb and cultivate foreign culture according to the character and ability itself (K.A, Soekarto, 1985:18).While Moendardjito (K.A, Soekarto, 1985:40) said that elements of potential regional culture as local genius because it has proven its ability to survive until now.
Characteristic features local genius is 1) can to survive against the outside culture; 2) has the ability to accommodate elements of external culture; 3) have the ability to integrate elements of external culture into indigenous cultures; 4) have the ability to control; And 5) able to give direction to the development of culture.Local wisdom is basically tested naturally and undoubtedly is good because it is a repetitive social action reinforcement.If an action is not considered good by the public, it will automatically not get a continuous reinforcement.The movement naturally occurs voluntarily because it is considered good and contains goodness according to the local community.
Philosophically, local wisdom is a reflection of the cultural behavior of people who have background from the values of life held by the community for generations.For example, in the people of Kediri believes Javanese philosophy such as Urip Iku Urup, Sura Dira Jayaningrat Lebur Dening Pangastuti, Aja Kuminter Mundak Keblinger Aja Cidra Mundak Cilaka, Alon-alon Waton Klakon, Nrimo Ing Pandum, and others will be manifested in living the life of Javanese society.In addition, the philosophical values and order of daily life practices will also affect social life.Examples of life cooperative practiced in the life of the community for generations will inspire the next generation to do the same thing.Potential culture is the potential of local wisdom that needs to be explored and developed in modern society, especially the people of Kediri.
Disclosure of local wisdom values of the people of Kediri is limited to two things.The first is the Harinjing Inscription which is a testament to the success of Bhagawanta Bari in running the farming and irrigation system, thus being awarded tax-exempt land.The second is Ceker Inscription which is a proof of the loyalty of the people of Kediri against the king, so it is rewarded with tax-free land.
Local wisdom of the people of Kediri must be preserved because culture is not enough just to be told but must be inherited so as not to destroy.The values contained in the local wisdom of the people of Kediri can certainly be integrated into everyday life as one way to preserve local culture and introduce local wisdom to the next generation.
All of this can not be separated from the history of Kediri Regency which is had famous agricultural products since years a go.As one of the evidence is the village of Siman.It is the oldest village located in Kepung, Kediri, East Java.In Siman village there is Harinjing Inscription which is a monument which aims to give appreciation to Bhagawanta Bari who has been instrumental in establishing dawuhan or irrigation system consisting of channel and weir or embankment in Harinjing River (the people of Kediri called Serinjing River).

Method
This research uses qualitative approach with descriptive method.Qualitative research discloses comprehensively some cases relevant to the purpose of the study (S.E, Robert, 1995)  Data collection techniques used by conducting participant interviews and documentation, as for the procedure of data analysis techniques using interpretive data analysis by re-checking by participants/member check (F.L, David, 1993).

Values of Local Wisdom in Harinjing Inscription
The people of Kediri knowledge about the environment is wide enough.The interaction between nature and humans can not be separated from the view that humans must be able to adapt to the natural environment, able to manage the natural wealth, and utilize natural wealth wisely.A number of empirical facts mention that some people live and take advantage of the natural wealth it has.The experiences and knowledge people get from the environment make them aware of the kinds of resources they have.
Based from the knowledge, the Siman community, Kepung, Kediri has a tradition of managing a fertile farm.The Siman community has the utmost responsibility to continue the tradition for future generations.The success of agriculture the people of Siman began since the time of Kediri Kingdom.This is evidenced by the existence of Harinjing Inscription.
Inscriptions harpings are carved in andesite stone.According to a report of PV van Stein Callenfels (1334) in De inscriptie van Soekaboemi, this inscription is found in Sukabumi plantations, Kepung, Kediri.It is written using ancient Java characters and languages.The inscription has a length of 75 cm, width 26 cm, and height 117 cm.
According to the sources, a research had once been done by experts of Javanologists such as Prof. MM.Soekarto Karto Atmojo.There is mention of Kediri on three Harinjing Inscriptions which are in Siman, Kepung, Kediri.The inscription consists of three charter written with ancient Javanese script and language on both sides.Here is the transcription of Harinjing Inscription.
Harinjing B Inscription Dated September 19, 921 AD, recounts the reinforcement of Bhagawanta Bari's land grant status (Perdikan) by King Rakai Layang Dyah Tulodong and given to the offspring of Bhagawanta Bari.The Harinjing Inscription C dates from March 7, 927 AD, tells the inscription to be a legitimate decree of the king and presumably when it is still written on a rontal (Ripta Inscription) or metal plate (Tamra Inscription) to be written on a stone.In the year 921 and 297 AD was the reign of Rakai Layang Dyah Tulodong in the Kingdom of Md ṣ ang (Ancient Mataram) (about 919-927 AD) (S.H, Endang, et al, 2010:178 &182).
On lines 1 to 23 the Harinjing B Inscription states that Sri Maharaja Rake Layang Dyah Tulodong on 15 Suklapaksa month of Asuji in 843 Saka (19 September 921 AD) acknowledged the rights of pastors in Culanggi because they still have to maintain Harinjing channel.
Starting the next line, line 24 to last, this inscription states that a similar right is recognized at 1 Suklapaksa Caitra month of 849 Saka (June 7, 1015 AD).The contents of the three Harinjing Inscriptions are figures from the village of Culanggi named Bhagawanta Bari who received a land grant from Sri Maharaja Rake Layang Dyah Tulodong.The success of Bagawanta Bhari at that time, the effort to save the environment from the raging annual floods that threaten the region.
Based on the information in Harijing C Inscription can be seen that slate Harbing Inscription which is currently a collection of National Museum-Jakarta (inventory number D-173) was written on March 7, 927 AD.
Since then Kediri began to be mentioned as a country or kingdom because it is an independent region with a lot of farming.In Harinjing Inscription also mentioned the construction of irrigation system (which consists of channels and embankments) called dawuhan in Konto River, namely Harinjing River.Soil fertility around Brantas river caused by volcanic material deposits from some active volcano in the upstream of the river, namely Mount Kelud and Mount Semeru.
The story of Bhagawanta Bari as it is written in the Harinjing Inscription is full of positive values that should be exemplified by the whole society, especially Kediri people.Efforts to construct embankments to cope with floods are exemplary in order to foster environmental and social concerns.In addition Bhagawanta Bari's attitude of building a holy building (dharma) around the Harinjing River which was later reinforced by his offspring, is highly relevant to religious values, ie obedient behavior of religious teachings adopted, tolerant of the implementation of other religious services, and living in harmony with followers of other religions (H.H, Said, et al, 2010:9-10).The values of local wisdom like this are very important to be passed on to the young generation today.
Bhagawanta Bari figure is a human figure who has a caring soul, high mutual cooperation, and religious.Three things that are reflected and easily understood and recognized to date.a. Caring, both care about the environment and social.This attitude was shown by Bhagawanta Bari through building a embankment (irrigation canal) to overcome the flood disaster that occurred at the time.
b. Mutual cooperation, can be called working together is a value that is rooted in Javanese culture.The value of mutual cooperation is a basic value that can create a social network that serves to solve daily problems faced, namely working together to create a embankment (irrigation canal).c.Religious.Local wisdom of Javanese is born, lived, and developed.Javanese culture manifested in various forms of representation either in the form of ideas, thoughts, moral/spiritual teachings, philosophical teachings as well as ideas and concepts of leadership and society.Religious values can be seen from the establishment of a holy building around the Harinjing river by Bhagawanta Bari.
with an eight-month research period beginning in August 2016 until March 2017.The object of research is Harinjing Inscription and Ceker Inscription.The research was conducted in Siman Village, Kepung, Kediri Regency and Sukoanyar Village, Mojo, Kediri Regency.