Analysis of OHSAS 18001: 2007 standard renewal towards ISO 45001: 2018 at PT. Power Plant Indonesia by using gap analysis method

- The research aimed to understand the current condition of PT. Power Plant Indonesia by evaluating its OHSAS 18001:2007 certification and its preparedness for ISO 45001:2018 certification. Method used for data analysis was gap analysis. Calculation in gap analysis used a checklist compiled according to the requirements listed in OHSAS 18001:2007. Results of the checklist showed that the general requirements clause averaged at 93.88%, health & safety policy clause at 93.97%, planning clause at 92.91%, implementation & operation clause at 91.85%, checking clause at 92.32%, management review clause at 91.85%, and overall score measured against OHSAS 18001:2007 at 92.85%. With the similarities between the points of clauses in OHSAS 18001:2007 and in ISO 45001, the large overall score when measured against OHSAS 18001:2007 signified that the company was prepared for ISO 45001:2018 certification.


Introduction
Free competition in industry due to globalization reminds industries both in manufacturing and in service to understand the importance of quality in products as well as quality system in their manufacture.Other than focusing on quality, recently lots of company tries to increase efficiency to face current global crisis.Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) is one of the factors of consideration.Good practices in occupational health and safety will increase company productivity.To assure that OH&S practices are enacted, companies can administer occupational health and safety management system (OH&SMS) according to Governmental Regulation Number 50 Year 2012 or to the international standard of Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001 [1].
International Labor Organization (ILO) (2013) stated that 2.34 million workers died due to their occupation.2 million of those deaths were related to health and the rest of them were related to work accident.According to Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) (2013), an estimated number of 660,000 workers died yearly from cancer arising from work [2].
Faced with such a condition, ISO 45001 was developed so that organizations or industries could manage OH&S risk and improve OH&S performance.ISO 45001 is the new international standard for occupational health management, replacing OHSAS 18001 [3].
Organizations that observe OHSAS 18001 delegates the responsibility for occupational health and safety to OH&S manager instead of integrating OH&S to the organization operation system.On the other hand, ISO 45001 demands the integration of occupational health and safety into the overall organization management system, hence encouraging top management to play a strong role in the leadership of OH&S management system.
PT. Power Plant Indonesia is one of the companies that has complied with OHSAS 18001.But, according to The Auditor (2016), International Standardization Organization (ISO) will publish in March 2018 ISO 45001 about Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OH&SMS) to replace OHSAS 18001.With the upcoming publication in mind, PT.Indonesia Power, which has complied with OHSAS 18001 with a still valid certification, had a three-year period up to 2021 to complete its migration to ISO 45001.
Therefore, the research aimed to analyze the current condition of the company and compare it to the necessary condition according to the standard of ISO 45001 using gap analysis method.The research wished to obtain result in the form of comparison between the existing system and the necessary system so disparities between the two could be identified and improvements could be made to assist the company in the change towards the new standard of ISO 45001.

OHSAS 18001 and ISO 45001
OHSAS 18001 standard has been developed since 1999.The framework was developed by a number of standardization and certification bodies as a response to the pressing need of industries for a standard in occupational health and safety management that is measurable and verifiable.The basic aim of OHSAS 18001 was to support and promote good practices in occupational health and safety through systematical and structured management system.Thus, certified organizations could stay in a secure position due to minimization of work accident risks in employees and other affected parties.OHSAS stated requirements for OH&S management system, so the organization could manage risks in OH&S and improve performance.OHSAS standard focused on managing occupational health and safety aspect, not on regulating other areas in health and safety such as employee health/welfare program, product safety, property damage, or environment impact.
There are a few fundamental differences between ISO 45001 and OHSAS 18001, such as: (a) organizations/industries need to state internal and external contexts which influence organizations/industries in OH&SMS, (b) ISO 45001 doesn't require companies to appoint a management representative, (c) when planning activities, ISO 45001 requires organizations/industries to determine OH&S risk and opportunity that influence said organizations/industries, (d) OH&S related risks are defined as risks related to hazards and to legal and other requirements as well as overall organizations/industries overall context and (e) organizations/industries shall plan actions to handle risks in terms of OH&S threats and opportunities and evaluate their effectiveness.
According to Jones (n.d.), the difference between OHSAS 18001 and ISO 45001 has implications for organizations/industries looking for certification and consultation as well as auditors auditing the new standard.This implication includes the requirement to show adequate leadership and deliberation in the context of organizations/industries.For example, auditor might need to gain new skills, be they interpersonal, in dealing with top management, and technical, in dealing with the proliferation of many information sources and in analyzing the context of the organization/industry.OH&S professionals might need to develop or improve their skills in helping managers to evaluate internal and external factors that influence context, assure an effective involvement alongside with relevant stakeholders and interests, and prepare CEO and other senior managers for audits using this new standard.Introduction of ISO 45001 also allows for a stronger work relation among OH&S professionals and also a more visible and more socially responsible leadership for Board/CEOs [4].

Gap analysis
Gap analysis as defined by IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is an activity that compares two types of data and identifies their difference.Usually, gap analysis is used to compare two sets of requirements.Gap analysis is often structured around one set of area, topic, or category, making gap analysis efficient in identifying which sector or aspect needs repairing.Gap analysis becomes effective because the checklist compiled is structured and matches the topic.Checklist covers all requirements and is made hierarchically in its review.The checklist will cover general questions and give portrayal of the evaluated topic or category.Questions in checklist are compiled comprehensively and in detail, evaluating the individual questions if necessary.Every question is related to another question to ensure traceability.Here are the steps for gap analysis [5]: • Score Determination Scoring system used throughout gap analysis is shown in the Table 2

2
If the organization or company understands the importance of the activity but does not do so.

3
If the organization or company has documents but has not applied them or if the organization or company has applied them but did not recorded them.
If the organization or company is engaged in an activity but inconsistently.

5
If the organization or company is doing well (activity is done consistently).

•
Checklist Assessment Checklist assessment is conducted by respondents according to the current condition of the organization.Respondents selected had the adequate competence.The assessment was done with scoring system according to Table 2.

•
Gap Assessment Gap assessment aimed to recognize how large a gap there was in the company.Percentage value was obtained by summing the scores of each variable and dividing it by the maximum value in the variable.The smaller the gap, the better.To measure preparedness, the obtained value of percentage corresponds to the preparedness of company in implementation as shown in the Table 3 below:

50% -74%
The organization still has to improve QMS for the preparation of ISO 45001: 2016 1% -49% The organization's QMS is in urgent need of improvement as it differs far from the prerequisites for ISO 45001: 2016.

Research Methodology
Method used in the research was gap analysis method.Gap analysis was done by performing a comparison between the current condition and the necessary condition to obtain ISO 45001:2016.Used in the comparison were the documents of OS&H management system made by the company.Documents was obtained via interview with a number of managers using OHSAS 18001:2007 internal audit checklist, ISO 45001:2016 internal audit checklist preview, and direct observation at PT. Power Plant Indonesia.Results obtained were assigned scores in the range of 1-5 according to their respective percentage values and the range for of prepared the company was in implementation was made.The range was obtained through discussions with experts.Obtained data would be used to evaluate what gaps there were in the implementation of OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 45001:2016.The gaps would be sorted by their priorities for improvement, exhibited by whichever gap had the most percentage value [6].

Research Variables Identification
Research variables were derived from the clauses of OHSAS 18001:2007, as shown as in Table 4 below:

Conclusions
According to the research, conclusion can be drawn from the results of gap analysis, using standard checklist of OHSAS 18001 which contains a few similarities to the newest standard of ISO 45001.Overall, PT.Power Plant Indonesia preparedness for the certification scored at 92.85%.Then, reviewed from the preparedness in the individual clauses, the clauses of general requirements, health & safety policy, planning, implementation & operation, checking, and management review, all had a high average score of preparedness.In each of the points in the standard clauses of OHSAS 18001, there existed numerous similarities to the points in ISO 45001.This signified that PT.Power Plant Indonesia was prepared to migrate to the certification according to ISO 45001 standard.

Table 2
Gap Analysis Score

Table 3 .
Gap Analysis Range

Table 4 .
Research VariablesData processing in this step was to evaluate the score obtained in Table4.1.The result of the evaluation was used to measure the preparedness of PT.Power Plant Indonesia in terms of each clauses in OHSAS 18001:2007.Total scores for each variable from the checklist result is shown in the Table5below:

Table 5 .
Score Results from Checklist Data Hasil Skor Data Checklist Analysis of Result from General Requirements Clause Checklist After gap analysis was conducted for General Requirements clause, the value obtained was 93.88%.Table6below shows the result of gap analysis performed on the organization context clause. a.

Table 6 .
General Requirements Clause Recapitulations Analysis of Result from Health & Safety Policy Clause Checklist For analysis of Health & Safety Policy clause, the value obtained was 93.97%.This value was the gap in the company for the Health & Safety Policy clause in OHSAS 18001, which also appeared in ISO 45001.The table below shows the result of gap analysis performed on Health & Safety Policy clause. b.

Table 7 .
Health & Safety Policy Clause Recapitulations Analysis of Results from Planning Clause Checklist Furthermore, for the planning clause, a number of values were obtained from the three clauses with an overall average preparedness value of 92.91%.The value signified that the company was ready for migration.This was supported by the corresponding clauses in ISO 45001.The table below is the result of the gap analysis performed on the Planning context clause.

Table 8 .
Planning Clause Recapitulations Analysis of Results from Implementation & Operation Clause Checklist In the result of the OSHAS 18001 checklist, the Implementation & Operation clause consisted of 7 clauses for which equivalent clauses existed in ISO 45001.The table below details the scores for each clause in Implementation & Operation clause.

Table 9 .
Implementation & Operation Clause Recapitulations Analysis of Results from Checking Clause ChecklistIn the results, for the checking clause of OHSAS 18001, there existed 5 clauses, many of which corresponded to the clauses in ISO 45001.The result is detailed in Table10below.

Table 11 .
Management Review ClauseThe document on Occupational Health and Safety Management System which is suggested to the company is one of the mandatory document forms in ISO 45001:2018 and is according to the requirements contained in the ISO 45001:2018 clauses.The document draft is expected to assist PT.Power Plant Indonesian in preparing to migrate from OHSAS 18001:2007 certification to ISO 45001:2018.The most common document details used on the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OH&SMS) is provided below in Table12.