Financial mechanisms to stimulate the real economy in the global economic security system

Research background: The real sector plays a crucial role in the country’s economy. It is he who serves as the economic basis for creating an additional product, in close connection with the financial sector. Today, the concept of “real sector of the economy” is used very actively both in economic science and in economic practice. Favourable macroeconomic factors lead to investment in the real sector and increase the competitiveness of production, both the economy of the individual state and the global economy as a whole. Research aimed at improving the efficiency of the real sector through the development of financial mechanisms to support it on a global scale is therefore highly relevant to the economic security of individual countries and the world economy.
Purpose of the article: identification of current problems and ways of improvement, financial mechanisms to stimulate the real sector of the economy to ensure economic security of the state
Methods: spatio-temporal analysis of the identified indicators of balanced development of the regional economy in order to ensure economic security.
Findings & Value added: Findings & Value added: proposed ways to develop effective financial mechanisms to stimulate the real sector of the economy can be used in the development of economic security strategies for regions and federal districts


Introduction
The real sector plays a crucial role in the country's economy. It is the economic basis for creating a surplus product that ensures the functioning of the financial sector. Favorable macroeconomic factors ensure the inflow of investment in the real sector and increase the competitiveness of production. In this regard, research aimed at solving problems to improve the efficiency of the real sector of the economy is extremely relevant for ensuring the economic security of the state. Any changes in economic sectors affect the national level of a state and affect the global economic system.
Currently, in the sphere of state regulation and creation of mechanisms to support the real sector of the economy, a "turn" is being made from active direct intervention in the activities of economic entities to creating an environment that promotes entrepreneurial activity, innovation, fair competition and orientation to the development of new markets.
In this regard, the set of state support tools should change. It is necessary to support demand, develop the institutional environment, and build a system of long-term, sustainable and predictable measures aimed at "forcing" enterprises to improve efficiency, including equalizing macroeconomic indicators both at the national level and on a global scale.
The existing mechanisms of state stimulation of the real sector of the economy are based on two main directions: industrial and structural.
However, as world practice shows, in the real sector of the Russian economy, we can allocate much more tools for stimulating and implementing state support for priority sectors of the economy. The more tools we can use to help the real sector of the economy, the faster it will develop.

2 Literature review
Today, in the formation of effective methods and mechanisms for stimulating the real sector of the economy, both at the national and international levels, it is necessary to activate financial instruments aimed at creating additional opportunities for the development of priority sectors of the real sector of the economy, at encouraging innovation and creating a favorable investment climate in globally.
The approach [1] is of interest, as it allows to form the necessary tools for innovative stimulation of investment processes in the real sector of the economy.
The authors [2,3] describe the methods and mechanisms of state financial regulation based on the creation of optimal conditions for the development of promising sectors of the economy, taking into account the optimization of state fiscal policy and the introduction of program budgeting tools.
The assessment of the influence of favorable and unfavorable factors of the world economy on the development of the real sector of the economy at the regional level is reflected in the works [4,6]. Such an analysis makes it possible for regional authorities to form concepts for the development of regions, taking into account world trends and the characteristics of the modern global economy.
In the applied aspect, the results of works [7,8] are interesting, where there is an attempt to form indicators and indicators of economic security in the budgetary sphere, as well as substantiation of the possibility of their use in the real economy.
When reviewing the literature, it should be noted that an important direction in the development of the modern economy and its real sector is its impact on social processes, which is reflected in the works [9,11]. The authors of these works propose for consideration indicators of a comprehensive assessment of economic security, including economic, social and blocks. Despite the instruments of innovation and investment incentives described in the studies under consideration, methods of optimizing the state's fiscal policy, indicators of economic security, there is a need to generalize the already accumulated experience. In addition, there is an urgent need to adapt international experience in the implementation of programs to stimulate the real sector of the economy and create conditions for the formation of economic security at various levels of management.

Results
The features and main trends of the Russian industrial policy and directions of development of the industrial sector in recent years are determined by the state of the national economy and the influence of the state's foreign policy and its position in the world economy. This is due to the impact on the development of the Russian economic system of anti-Russian sanctions and the collapse of the national currency, which led to numerous financial difficulties and problems Analyzing the economic system of any country, it is advisable to distinguish two interrelated, but working separately sectors: financial and real.
The real sector of any country is characterized by features that depend on the current level of economic development (developed and developing) and the structure of the economy with industry leaders. The type of economic system influences the formation and subsequent development of the proportions of the real sector. This factor is crucial when identifying the characteristics of the real sector. As in other countries of the world, in Russia the real sector is the basis of the national economy, which determines its level and specialization. It employs the population and produces about the same part of GDP. The real sector of the economy is represented by a wide range of industries. The specifics of the real sector of the Russian economy is its priority in the field of industries related to the extraction of raw materials and fuel, as well as the production of energy and materials. On the one hand, this is a consequence of the use of natural resources in the national economy, primarily mineral resources. This situation allows Russia to remain a competitive country and use this competitive advantage.
For consideration, we will take data on the following industries: electric power, agriculture, and construction.
The rationalization of the industry structure of industrial production is associated with agriculture and construction. Economic, geographical and demographic factors make it possible to form an agro-industrial complex within the regional system. The creation of interconnected industries in the region will increase food and economic security of the region and socio-economic development level of agricultural districts.
The analysis of the state of the real sector of the Russian economy in the selected sectors of economic activity for 2014-2018 was carried out, using official information provided by the Federal state statistics service and the Federal tax service of the Russian Federation, the data are presented in Table 1.
SHS Web of Conferences 9 2, 0 (2021) Globalization and its Socio-Economic Consequences 2020 Since tax credits and incentives represent lost tax state income or resources that could be used in other forms of public support, to assess the effectiveness of their application, it is primarily necessary to compare the amount of spending on tax benefits and incentives with SHS Web of Conferences 9 2, 0 (2021) Globalization and its Socio-Economic Consequences 2020 the results obtained from tax breaks and incentives at the firm level, the state and society as a whole. Therefore, we consider it important to analyze the receipts of corporate income tax to the Federal budget (table 2). Source: compiled by the author on the basis of reports of the Federal tax service 1-NOM.
After analyzing the tax reports on Federal tax service 1-NOM, were able to make the following data: First, the level of corporate income tax revenues in the Russian Federation as a whole increased by 75% in 2018 compared to 2015. This can tell us about several factors: an increase in the tax burden on organizations, the fact that the number of enterprises in the real economy has increased, or the effective work to identify and solve economic tax crimes.
A sharp jump in corporate income tax revenue occurred in 2017 in the electric power industry, revenue exceeded 2016 by 55 billion rubles, that is, by 70%, but by 2018 it decreased by 9%.
In agriculture, as well as in the electric power industry, there was a jump in 2017 and the volume of corporate income tax receipts increased by 58%, then by another 21% in 2018.
The General idea of evaluating the effectiveness of tax incentives and incentives is to compare the amount of expenditures and the results they generate, i.e., additional revenue for firms, the state, and society as a whole.
It is important to understand that in order to correctly allocate resources between various types of industrial policy activities in order to optimize costs, it is necessary to have information about which types of activities are branches of specialization in the territory under consideration and where the tax benefits offered by the state can bring the greatest benefit to the country's economic security by increasing the productivity of the real sector of the Russian Federation's economy.
As practice shows, the Quantitative analysis of earlier decisions taken by the state in the field of granting tax benefits and preferences is not systematically performed. However In 2019, the accounts chamber of Russia held a broader expert and analytical event "assessment of the effectiveness of providing tax benefits and preferences and their stimulating impact on the efficiency of the economy", which resulted in an annual increase in the amount of lost revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation: from 4.16 trillion rubles in 2016 to 6.75 trillion rubles in 2017.
As a result of the examination, it was concluded that out of 359 tax benefits and preferences at the beginning of 2018, 152 have an impact on the economy, and 142 have a social orientation. It should be noted that the accounting chamber estimates that 80 to 90% of the specified amounts of lost income are lost income from value-added tax benefits.
The Russian accounting chamber's assessment of budget tax expenditures by type of tax is shown in table 3 below. Source: compiled by the author on the basis of reports of the Federal tax service 1-NOM.
There is also a third assessment of tax expenditures for 2015-2019 based on the results of the inventory of tax benefits by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, conducted in February 2020.
As you can see, agencies have different assessments of the role of corporate income tax, VAT, and corporate property tax benefits in the loss of state fiscal revenues. Such differences demonstrate the problem of determining tax benefits for the purpose of estimating the corresponding tax expenditures. The Russian Ministry of Finance has not conducted an analysis of tax expenditures in the context of OKVED industries, but based on the classification in the context of state programs, the upper limit of the volume of tax incentives directly or indirectly related to industrial enterprises can be estimated in 2019 at 763 billion rubles, or 0.9% of GDP. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation estimates the tax expenditures of the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation by type of taxes are shown in table 4.
Analysis of the data presented in table 4 showed that, despite the fact that the generalized indicator of tax expenditures in industry of 763 billion rubles is 4.5 times higher than our estimate of subsidies of 170 billion rubles. Based on a detailed study of the structure of tax expenditures, it should be concluded that in 2016 72%, and in 2019 -88% of tax expenditures relate to the program «Reproduction and use of natural resources», that is, they are related to met and export duties. Without taking into account these taxes and fees on rental income, we can talk about the comparability of the volume of industrial production incentives through budget subsidies and tax incentives. According to the Federal Data on subsidies to industrial entities are not provided, but based on the law «On the Federal budget for 2018», the corresponding Federal budget allocations can be estimated at 170 billion rubles, of which 135 billion rubles are planned for industry subsidies.
Therefore, we consider it important to monitor the implementation of the tax benefits provided to increase the productivity of the enterprise.
To control the implementation of the program to exempt organizations from paying corporate income tax, we also propose to introduce an electronic control system, which will be carried out by submitting a tax return with a report on the accrued corporate income tax and redistributed for the purpose of improving production efficiency.

Discussion and conclusion
Thus, according to the results of the study, it can be concluded that when forming financial mechanisms for stimulating the real sector of the economy, both within the national and global systems, it is necessary to: -meeting the demand of the population of the region and the state as a whole for goods and services to the extent possible to ensure economic growth and economic security of the state; -providing conditions for the development of the regional economic complex; -formation of a rational industry structure of industrial production; -ensuring the location and development of industrial production in the region; SHS Web of Conferences 9 2, 0 (2021) Globalization and its Socio-Economic Consequences 2020 -creating a rational structure for managing regional production in order to ensure the economic security of the state; -providing conditions for increasing the possible level of production in the region for different industries; -ensuring the development of the region's production forces capable of satisfying the economic complex in goods, works and services; -creating a favorable financial and tax climate for entrepreneurs; Many programs for the development of Russia and its regions until 2025 identify priority sectors for investment and tax incentives such as: agriculture; manufacturing, primarily food and processing industries; mining; and electric power. Our analysis shows the real need to stimulate these sectors of the economy.
In turn, we propose a sequence of priorities that allows us to create a synergistic effect aimed at creating conditions for advanced development of the real sector of the Russian economy. Our proposed sequence of priorities for the development of the real sector of the Russian economy is shown in Fig. 1  The development of the real sector of the Russian economy is largely associated with the development of agriculture and processing industries. In this regard, the proposed sequence in the formation of priorities for the development of branches of the real sector of the Russian economy will ensure high growth rates of economic and financial indicators and create conditions for ensuring the economic security of the state.