Rural Tourism within the Sustainable Development Goals : the Case of Ukraine

Research background: rural tourism is an economic and environmental activity that fits harmoniously into the concept of sustainable and inclusive development. In Ukraine, it is called rural green tourism, but in practice not all aspects of it can meet the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Purpose of the article: to analyze the relationship between the structures of the rural tourism goals and the SDGs, to demonstrate the evolution, possibilities of the development on the example of Ukrain e’s rural tourism , especially in the framework of the European Green Deal. Methods: factor analysis – when studying the structure of the rural tourism goals and the factors that affect it, as well as when comparing it with the structure of other sustainable activities; elements of graph theory – in the graphical analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals decomposition in their projection into the plane of rural tourism. Findings & Value added: the structure of the rural green tourism goals in Ukraine have been harmonized with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Sustainability factors have been identified that allow the tourism and recreation sphere in the medium and long term perspective not only to form a competitive market for relevant services, but also to serve as an important component of the inclusive development. Factors of tourism sphere transformation due to the coronavirus pandemic are taken into consideration. The concept of the phased programming in sphere of rural tourism in Ukraine within the framework of the European Green Deal 2030 and 2050 has been improved.


Introduction
Rural tourism is the object of transdisciplinary research and the plane of practical implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals [1]. From a scientific point of view, rural tourism is a multifaceted activity, the study of which requires integrated and integrated approaches [2,3,4], the justification of its economic goals [5,6,7], the disclosure of its social side [8,9], the priority of its natural and ecological aspects [10,11]. The legal [12] and geographical [13] aspects of rural tourism have also studied separately. Within the analysis of the national economy's territorial-sectoral structure, rural tourism has direct and indirect relations to tourism and recreation, agriculture, forestry, etc. The scientific search for additional opportunities to expand the relationship between environmental and social aspects of rural tourism can increase the potential for the Sustainable Development Goals. From the point of view of consumers it is first of all about the recreational function of rural tourism [14,15].
The rural green tourism has developed in Ukraine: table 1 -based on materials [16]. As we can see, this is the initial stage of its evolution. However, given the limited international travel due to the pandemic situation, there is a potential opportunity to intensify rural green tourism in Ukraine. Therefore, given the slow development of this sphere during the period of Ukrainian independence in 1991-2019, and the existence of contradictions in its development, it is important to justify the second stage of the enlargement of Ukraine's rural tourism. Cherkasy -4; Chernihiv -4; Sumy -1 Source: the Rural tourism data bank in Ukraine [16] Given the above the purpose of the paper is to analyze the relationship between the structure of the rural tourism goals and the structure of the Sustainable Development Goals, on the example of Ukraine to demonstrate the evolution and prospects of the rural green tourism, in particular, within the European Green Deal.

Methodology
The conceptual basis of the study is a comprehensive approach that is applied to systems that have social, economic and environmental characteristics [17]. The following methods have been used in the paper: factor analysis (taking into account the specifics of its application in the economic sphere [18])when studying the structure of the rural tourism goals and the factors that affect it, as well as when comparing it with the structure of other sustainable activities; elements of graph theory [19] in the graphical analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals decomposition in their projection into the plane of rural tourism.
The relationships between variables (classification of variables) are established on the basis of formal logic, when we synthesize the Sustainable Development Goals into aspects SHS Web of Conferences 95, 01004 (2021) RebCos'20 https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219501004 of sustainable development. The reduction in the number of variables is similar, in the opposite direction: from objectives to aspects (groups of variables).

Results
The analysis of the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals and the goals of rural green tourism has five stages -in Fig. 1, which presents a graph of the sustainable development of rural green tourism V(G)={1,2,..,35}.   Given the European integration processes, Ukraine's rural tourism should be focused on the implementation of the European Green Deal 2030 і 2050 [20]. Contrary to today's pandemic crisis and its projected consequences, the rural tourism program in Ukraine, relevant to the criteria of sustainability and inclusiveness, is required, as an important part of the domestic outdoor recreation and tourism market, that fully in line with the sustainable development principles. The concept of the program includes the following main provisions: the setting ambitious goals, united by the mission of achieving climate neutrality (rural tourism as a tool and at the same time as an area where these goals are implemented); the transforming the priority of economic goals into a balance of economic, energy, social and environmental goals; the functioning of the sphere on the principles of circular economy; zero pollution of the environment, where rural tourism services are provided; -the extending the "farm to fork" approach to the rural green tourism, etc.
The stages of the rural green tourism development are as follows: the development during the pandemic crisis (emphasis on safety and comfort in accordance with hygienic norms and standards);

Discussion and conclusion
The evolution of the rural green tourism in Ukraine, when widely considered, has been going on for centuries. For Ukraine, it is traditional to travel in the countryside and rest in the natural environment. With a modern view of agritourism, it is a tool for effective rural development [21]. After the restoration of a stable state in the economy and society, when the pandemic crisis ends, it is advisable to use factor analysis as a statistical intelligence and confirmation tool to work with statistics relevant to sustainable tourism and outdoor recreation. In the sphere of rural tourism, given the effects of coronavirus, it is advisable to collect data on how potential vacationers and tourists see the level of comfort, safety and impressions associated with being in the natural environment, on the basis of a special survey.
The results obtained in this study allow harmonizing the structure of the rural green tourism goals in Ukraine with the Global Goals 2030 in the context of identifying potential areas of sustainable development in the postcoronavirus world. In the paper sustainability factors have been also identified that allow the tourism and recreation sphere in the medium and long term perspective not only to form a competitive market for relevant services, but also to serve as an important component of the inclusive development. Factors of tourism sphere transformation due to the coronavirus pandemic are taken into consideration. The concept of the phased programming in sphere of rural tourism in Ukraine within the framework of the European Green Deal 2030 and 2050 has been developed.