YouTube-based Learning on the Knowledge of Swimming Concepts and Swimming Speed of Elementary School Students

. Swimming learning was temporarily suspended, as well as the learning process that should be face-to-face, changed to an online learning process that requires educators to be able to produce a learning innovation to maintain student achievement. This is what underlies the research which aims to analyze the impact of YouTube-assisted learning on the understanding of concepts and swimming speed of elementary school students. The design of this study was a quasi-experimental design in the form of a posttest control group design. the population of this study was 48. The data collection process used was the test and documentation method. The data analysis method of this research is descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis with manova. The results showed that youtube-based learning had a positive and significant impact both simultaneously and partially on the understanding of the concept and swimming speed of students, this was indicated by the sig value. < 0.05. From the results of descriptive data, research results are also obtained in the form of the variable speed of students is more influenced by youtube-based learning than the variable understanding of the concept. So, it can be recommended that youTube-based learning can be used as an innovative learning for swimming.


Introduction
Swimming is one of the most popular sports from all walks of life, be it children, adults or the elderly. Swimming requires the coordination of most of the upper and lower limbs [1]- [4], demands complex muscle performance [5], [6], requires complex skills and good basic knowledge [7]. In the sport of swimming there are four styles and each style has a different level of difficulty [8]. The four styles are butterfly stroke (butterfly stroke), backstroke (backstroke), breaststroke (breaststroke), and freestyle (freestyle / crawl) [9]- [11].
The benefits that exist in swimming sports activities include maintaining and improving fitness, maintaining body health, for personal safety, to form physical abilities such as endurance, muscle strength and also beneficial for children's physical development and growth, for educational facilities and infrastructure, recreation, rehabilitation and achievement [12]- [15].
Swimmer's achievement is influenced by several factors of swimming technique (including start, turn and finish), endurance, power, speed, and mentality [16]. One of the factors that determine the achievement of swimmers is the knowledge of the basic concepts of swimming. * Corresponding author : sanjaya_fkip@unmus.ac.id Concept understanding is a person's ability to master a number of subject matters, which is not just remembering but can explain in different ways [17]. Concept understanding is the underlying mechanism for meaningful learning, meaningful learning here means a person's ability to understand content together with connecting new ideas with previous knowledge and experience [18]. Concept understanding is closely related to one's working memory in the learning process [19]. The description also illustrates that in the process of solving problems, understanding concepts have a very important role, understanding concepts as one of the prerequisites and the ability to relate concepts and mental readiness in the learning process [20], as well as a comprehensive understanding of concepts is an absolute requirement in achieving learning success [21], [22]. This also applies to the achievement of swimmers with a good understanding of the concept that will affect student achievement in learning to swim. Achievements that can be seen directly is speed.
Speed is one of the most important components of physical condition in swimming, the speed in swimming is the cyclical maximum speed or the speed with which the movement is repeated, the same form of speed as the speed in sprinting [4], [23]. Speed is a conditional quality that allows a person to make movements and react quickly to stimuli [24], [25]. Speed in swimming can be developed to the maximum because in essence every human being has the nature to compete and compete to always excel [26]. Achievement in this case speed is influenced by factors that come from within and outside the swimmer. The internal factor that cannot be separated is the knowledge of concepts related to swimming techniques. With good concept knowledge will provide the ability to apply swimming techniques. To develop knowledge of swimming concepts, of course, obtained from the learning process. The learning process that is able to provide a good understanding of the concept is of course learning that focuses on students. This has something to do with students learning and finding their own will make learning more meaningful. Meaningful learning will have an impact on the development of students' experiences and emotional development [27]- [29]. In other words, innovative learning that involves students will be more meaningful [30].
However, currently the problem faced by education in Indonesia is the COVID-19 pandemic, which causes all activities that involve many people and outdoor activities to be eliminated. Likewise with swimming lessons temporarily suspended. The learning process, which should be face-to-face, is changed to an online learning process. Although the online learning process currently has a positive impact, this learning has a negative impact. Some of the weaknesses of online learning in learning are the lack of facilities in the form of integrated technology to support the online learning process [31], [32], insufficient internet quota barriers and abnormal internet networks [33], low levels of student understanding when conducting online learning processes, lack of variety. in learning [34], learning cannot be conveyed effectively [35], and feeling lazy and difficult to concentrate [36]. The problems encountered in online learning if left unchecked will certainly have a bad impact on the learning process. Likewise, practical learning such as Penjasrek requires a good understanding of concepts to achieve better performance. If this problem is left unchecked, it will certainly have a bad impact on student achievement. One solution is to implement online media-based learning, one of the media that can be used is YouTube media.
YouTube media can help students understand the material that is being taught repeatedly whenever students are interested in understanding the material [37], [38]. Youtube media can also be used both online and offline [39]. Learning to use youtube channels is an alternative solution in increasing understanding [40], increasing interest during learning [41], [42], increasing knowledge and getting a lot of other information [43]. The existence of youtube media will help the learning process carried out online, this statement is supported by the results of research which states that the impact of using YouTube content as a teaching medium has a positive influence on interest in learning [44]. The results of the study stated that there was an influence of YouTube-based learning media on learning outcomes [45]. Research which states that Youtube also has a significant positive role in increasing learning motivation [46]. The results of the study which stated that Youtube media had an effect on students' motivation and learning outcomes [47]. Based on some of the results of these studies, it can be said that the existence of YouTube media in the learning process has a positive impact. Based on this, this research aims to analyze the impact of YouTube-assisted learning on the understanding of concepts and swimming speed of elementary school students. This research has a difference with the existing one, the difference is that Youtube media is used to help learning swimming. The YouTube media used will be adjusted to the swimming techniques that students must learn to make learning easier. In addition, this research will also focus more on discussing the understanding of concepts and speed in learning swimming. The existence of learning with the help of YouTube is expected to contribute to innovative learning that can be used by teachers/coaches in swimming lessons.

Research Methods
This study used a quasi-experimental research design. The research design is a quasi-experimental design in the form of a posttest control group design [48]. The research implementation process is grouped into the experimental class and the control class. The experimental group was treated with Youtube-based learning. This YouTube-based learning is done by combining learning usually with YouTube. The videos used are swimming technique training videos that are packaged attractively so that students are interested in watching. As for the control class, it is only done with ordinary practical learning. Both groups were given a preliminary test both with regard to concept understanding and speed. From the initial test, it was found that students from both groups came from groups that had the same ability. The data that will be obtained in this study are (1) understanding of the concept (Y1) in the Experiment class; (2) understanding the concept (Y1) of the Control class; (3) Speed (Y2) in the Experiment class; (4) speed (Y2) Control class.
The trial was carried out in elementary schools that took swimming lessons; the population of this study was 48 people who were all used considering the research subjects were limited. This population consists of grade 4-6 elementary school students. The research sample was taken from all populations that had previously been tested for equality where children had the same ability, from 48 samples would be grouped into 2 groups, namely experimental and control with random sampling technique. From the results of random sampling obtained 24 people in the experimental group and 24 people in the control group. In this study, the data collection process used was the test and documentation method. The test is used to measure students' conceptual understanding. The developed test is adjusted to the material of swimming techniques, this test is in the form of a description consisting of 10 saols at level C2. The steps for developing this test are 1) creating a test instrument grid; 2) make questions in the form of descriptions; 3) consult the grid and questions developed by experts. The question grid is described in Table 1.1. In testing the validity of the concept understanding test instrument, it is necessary to test the validity of the instrument items, the validity of the content of the instrument, the reliability of the test, the level of difficulty of the test items and the level of difficulty of the test equipment.
Testing the validity of the concept understanding test instrument items is carried out using the CVR formula. The CVR result from the calculation of each instrument item is 1 and the total CVR of all concept understanding test instruments is 10 and can be declared valid based on the validation provisions of each instrument item in the CVR formula. The content validity test of the concept understanding test instrument was carried out using the CVI formula with the results that the CVI value was 1 and the concept understanding test instrument was declared very good based on the content validation provisions of the entire instrument in the CVI formula. The reliability test of the concept understanding test whose data is in the form of polytomies using the Alpha Coefficient formula with the results obtained is 0.93 and is in the range of 0.60 < r11 0.93. So, the reliability of the concept understanding test is in the high criteria. The level of difficulty of the critical thinking ability test items obtained the results that of the 10 questions made there were 4 questions that were in the medium criteria and 6 questions were in the high criteria. While the level of difficulty of a test device is in the difficult criteria. Meanwhile, for speed, the document collection method is used.

Result and Discussion
After students are taught according to the learning design that has been made, namely youtube-based learning, the results of descriptive analysis show that there is a significant influence on the implementation of youtube-based learning. Completely the results of the descriptive analysis are shown in Table 1.2. The results of the descriptive analysis show that there are differences in conceptual understanding and swimming speed of students who are taught with youtube-based learning with students who learn by learning without youtube. This is shown from the difference in the concept understanding score of 3.86 where the average value of the concept understanding of students who are taught by learning youtube with youtube is greater than that of students who are taught by learning without youtube. Meanwhile, the swimming speed of students shows a difference score of 12.38, where the mean score of students who are taught by learning youtube is shorter than students who are taught by learning without youtube. From the descriptive data, the research results in the form of student speed variables are more influenced by youtube-based learning, this is seen from the large difference in the mean value compared to the concept understanding variable. The results of the homogeneity analysis carried out show the same meaning, namely the research data comes from homogeneous data groups, this can be seen from the sig value. each test showed a value of more than 0.05. Value of Sig. Levene's Test of Equality test is 0.14 for understanding the concept while the value of Sig. speed of 0.935. Meanwhile, homogeneity test with Box's Test of Equality of Covariance Matrices obtained sig. of 0.16 with an F value of 1.74. The next prerequisite test is the linearity test, which aims to determine whether there is a linear relationship in each of the analyzed dependent variables. The results of the analysis show that the value of sig. on Deviation from Linearity of 0.57 (>0.05). This means that there is a linear relationship between concept understanding data and speed. The prerequisite test for MANOVA analysis has been fulfilled, where the research data obtained are normally distributed, homogeneous so that hypothesis testing with Manova can be carried out. The results of the complete analysis are described in Table 4 and Table  5. The results of the analysis obtained several findings. First, based on Pillae Trace, Wilks' Lambda Hotelling's Trace, and Roy's Largest Root with it shows that the F coefficient is 2363,422b with a Sig value. 0.00. This means that there is a difference in conceptual understanding and speed between students who are taught with YouTube-based learning and students who are taught by learning without YouTube. Second, the results of the Tests of Between-Subjects Effects analysis show an F value of 1,696 with Sig. 0.01 which is smaller than 0.05, this shows that there is an effect of youtubebased learning on concept ability. And Third, the results of the Tests of Between-Subjects Effects analysis show an F value of 1837.81b with Sig. 0.02 which is smaller than 0.05. This shows that there is an effect of youtubebased learning on speed. The results showed that youtube-based learning had a positive and significant impact both simultaneously and partially on the understanding of the concept and swimming speed of students. This condition is certainly inseparable from the learning that is carried out, learning with YouTube will make students more interested in participating in learning. YouTube will provide a lot of information that students want packaged in the form of interesting videos. This will certainly make students' interest in the learning process higher which of course will have an impact on students' mastery of the material. The existence of YouTube media can help students understand the material that is being taught repeatedly whenever students are interested in understanding the material [37], [38]. Youtube media can also be used both online and offline [39]. Learning to use youtube channels is an alternative solution in increasing understanding [40], increasing interest during learning [41], [42], increasing knowledge and getting a lot of other information [43]. So, with YouTube, students' understanding of the concepts given will be better.
Concept understanding is a person's ability to master a number of subject matters, which is not just remembering but can explain in different ways. Concept understanding is the underlying mechanism for meaningful learning, meaningful learning here means a person's ability to understand content together with connecting new ideas with previous knowledge and experience [18]. Concept understanding is closely related to one's working memory in the learning process [19]. The description also illustrates that in the process of solving problems, understanding concepts have a very important role, understanding concepts as one of the prerequisites and the ability to relate concepts and mental readiness in the learning process [20], as well as a comprehensive understanding of concepts is an absolute requirement in achieving learning success [21]. With a good understanding of the concept, it will certainly have a good impact on student achievement, especially in this case student achievement in the swimming sport branch.
The existence of YouTube will provide experience to students regarding the techniques or strategies that are carried out to master the techniques in swimming. With the understanding and ability to analyze swimming techniques, students are able to apply them or practice them in swimming lessons. Ofcourse this will be able to increase speed in the sport of swimming. With good knowledge and strategies, students will reach maximum speed. We know that in the sport of swimming, speed is an indicator of the success of a swimmer. Speed is one of the most important components of physical condition in swimming, the speed in swimming is the cyclical maximum speed or the speed with which the movement is repeated, the same form of speed as the speed in sprinting [23]. Speed is a conditional quality that allows a person to make movements and react quickly to stimuli [24], [25]. Speed is influenced by factors that come from within and outside the swimmer. The internal factor that cannot be separated is the knowledge of concepts related to swimming techniques. Good concept knowledge will provide the ability to apply swimming techniques and can foster better self-confidence. With self-confidence, it will be able to stimulate students to achieve good achievements.
The results of this study are in line with the results of research which states that the impact of using YouTube content as a teaching medium has a positive influence on interest in learning [44]. The results of the study stated that there was an influence of YouTubebased learning media on learning outcomes [45]. Research which states that Youtube also has a significant positive role in increasing learning motivation [46]. The results of the study which stated that Youtube media had an effect on students' motivation and learning outcomes [47]. Based on some of the results of these studies, it can be said that the existence of YouTube media in the learning process has a positive impact. This research has a difference with the existing one, the difference is that Youtube media is used to help learning swimming. The YouTube media used will be adjusted to the swimming techniques that students must learn to make learning easier. In addition, this study also focuses more on discussing the understanding of concepts and speed in learning swimming. The existence of learning with the help of YouTube is expected to be able to contribute to Innovative learning that can be used by teachers/coaches in learning to swim.

Conclusion
The results showed that youtube-based learning had a positive and significant impact both simultaneously and partially on the understanding of the concept and swimming speed of students. From the descriptive data, the research results in the form of student speed variables are more influenced by youtube-based learning, this is seen from the large difference in the mean value compared to the concept understanding variable. The existence of learning with the help of YouTube is expected to contribute to innovative learning that can be used by teachers/coaches in swimming lessons.