Configuration of Civil-Millitarian Relations (Study of Military Sociology In The Morosi Smelter Industry Area)

. The purpose of this study seeks to describe the pattern of civil-military relations in handling conflicts in the smelter industrial area in Morosi. The method used in this research is qualitative method. This study finds that the configuration of civil-military relations has 3 (three) forms; 1) Relations between the Territorial Apparatus and Government Officials show a more constructive and stable relationship. Both of them work hand in hand to create a conducive atmosphere not only in the internal industrial area, but also more broadly in the community around the mine. 2) The relationship between the Territorial Apparatus and the community tends to be less stable and constructive than that of the Government Apparatus. 3) The relationship between the Territorial-Company Apparatus is unstable. This study finds a new alternative category in the midst of the conflict between military realism and civil liberalism as mentioned by Huntington. The new category is Transformative Pragmatism. The theoretical implications of the research are 2 (two): 1) Transformative pragmatism opposes the view of structural deterministic sociology 2) In military sociology, Transformative Pragmatism provides a conceptual contribution in the form of a new typology that bridges the rivalry of military realism with civil liberalism.


Introduction
Every country has historical roots related to their military development. Two contradictory faces are presented in the conflict between civilian versus military authoritarianism. Civil authoritarianism is expressed in the form of subjective civil control while military authoritarianism is manifested in military dictatorships [1].
Two contradicting faces of course produce a contestation that has the potential to disrupt the stability of a country. Under the umbrella of civil authoritarianism (subjective civil control), the military can at any time take power by means of a coup mechanism. The military coup is the antithesis of democracy which is the most frightening specter for civilians.
Civil-military relations are not only in the form of contestation in the state management order, but traces of it can also be found at lower levels of life. Civil-military relations can also be found in contested spaces in the industrial realm, as described in this study. This study attempts to describe the pattern of civil-military relations in the arena of the smelter industrial area in Morosi, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. In the world of large-scale mining industry involving foreign * Corresponding author: alsdandy1005@gmail.com investment, civil-military relations show a very dynamic pattern. In this social research, the TNI as the subject of further research is called the Territorial Apparatus [2].
Civil-military relations should create harmonization, but sometimes what happens is a Conflictual relationship caused by different interests. Territorial officials are involved with the background of the task of Territorial Development. Meanwhile, at the civilian level, it is sometimes not in line with the military's efforts to realize the goals of the Universal Defense System through Territorial Development. The problem of civil-military relations in the Morosi smelter industrial area resulted in unstable relations between civilian and military stakeholders, in preventing social conflicts in the area surrounding the Morosi mine [3]. Initial research shows that since the establishment of the Morosi smelter industrial area, the intensity of conflict is relatively frequent. The data found in the field can be shown in the table below: The demonstration on the PT VDNI hauling road is an entry for residents or workers at PT VDNI and OSS. This action ended in riots and anarchy. This relates to the assumption that there is an intervention by officials in the employee recruitment process. The facts above show that the conflict that occurred involved many parties, not only the community and the company, but also all stakeholders involved, including the Territorial Apparatus. The involvement of the Territorial Apparatus in the conflict space is not only related to securing strategic state projects, it is also tasked with maintaining the integrity of all stakeholders and seeking to reduce the escalation of conflict. This involvement certainly raises suspicion for some communities around the mine. Whether when there is a conflict, the Territorial Apparatus sided with the people or sided with the company. Describing the problematic pattern of civil-military relations in an effort to prevent conflict is the focus of this research [4].

Research Method
The method used in this study is a qualitative research method. The focus of this research is to describe civilmilitary relations in dealing with conflicts in the smelter industrial area in Morosi. This research was conducted in the area around the Morosi mine. Consideration for choosing the research location, because the Morosi mine ring is a plurality area full of diversity and as a vulnerable society (community prone to conflict) which is one of the focuses of Territorial Development activities carried out by TNI soldiers in the area, namely the Territorial Apparatus (Babinsa). Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The technique of determining the informants was done by purposive sampling method.
The number of informants is 16 informants consisting of: 1) Territorial Apparatus consisting of Sa, Sy, Su and He; 2) Representing companies consisting of Yi, GH, APL & RAG; 3) Representing government officials consisting of RR, BS, AB, AA and KS and 4) Representing the community consisting of Ha, Is and Ba. Data analysis in qualitative research is basically developed with the intention of giving meaning (making sense) to the data, interpreting (interpreting), or transforming (transforming) data into narrative forms which then lead to findings that are nuanced scientific propositions that ultimately come to final conclusions. According to Miles and Huberman qualitative data analysis, namely data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing, [5] 3

Results And Discussion
There are 3 civilian groups that maintain reciprocal relations with the military in Morosi, namely the smelter company, government officials and the community. The results of in-depth interviews found 3 forms of relations between civilian groups and the military as follows:

Territorial Apparatus Relations -Smelter Company
Territorial Apparatus Relations -The company shows the dynamics of the ups and downs of the relationship between the military and the company. The relationship is unstable. This can be shown from the results of interviews with informants, as follows:

Informant
Interview result Yi "In the Southeast Sulawesi area, especially in the area surrounding the Morosi mine, the Territorial/Babinsa Apparatus has the ability to prevent security disturbances. Likewise, the community around the smelter accepts the existence of the Territorial Apparatus/Babinsa. They are reluctant if the Territorial/Babinsa Apparatus maintains security and can also raise the morale of company security. Territorial/Babinsa officers on duty in the smelter area need to be armed with firearms (Long-barreled Weapons or pistols). However, the results of our coordination with the TNI leadership in Kendari were not permitted. The reason is that the presence of TNI Soldiers in the smelter area is the task of Territorial Development which considers the community as "brothers". So there's no need to be armed." GH "It is very beneficial, because with the presence of TNI soldiers and Polri personnel, the smelter area becomes safe, so that the refining/vero nickel production activity becomes smooth" APL "Because of the trust problem, when the management no longer believes in the ability of the Territorial Apparatus/Babinsa to anticipate or resolve conflicts, the company's management will return the Territorial Apparatus/Babinsa who carry out security duties to their unit. As happened after the dispute / stabbing that occurred against one of the Public Relations of PT. VDNI (in the area around the Morosi mine on February 8, 2020). Physically they are always together guarding the security post and conducting patrols in the smelter area, but behind that, there is still not good competition between security elements. Where each element wants to get more trust from the management of the company, so that their personnel are always used in the security system". RAG "As the company's public relations officer, I am very happy and feel confident, because with the presence of Babinsa, it is always helpful / backed up when there is a task to solve company problems with the community. The community is very happy and sympathized with the presence of the

Territorial Apparatus -Community Relations
The relationship between the Territorial Apparatus/Babinsa with the community is relatively https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214902012 , 02012 (2022) SHS Web of Conferences 149 ICSS 2022 more stable. Various conflicts that occur in the company that involve the community versus the company tend to be controlled thanks to the help of the Territorial Apparatus [6]. Is "The relationship between the Territorial Apparatus/Babinsa and the community is closely intertwined. Every arrival of Babinsa to the community is welcomed. The relationship between the territorial apparatus/Babinsa and the company is also good, and there are ties of cooperation in the field of smelter security". Ha "I see that the TNI and Polri officers cannot anticipate potential conflicts, so sometimes security problems have become big before they want to be overcome. This is due to the lack of TNI and Polri officers on duty in this area which are very dynamic and complex. However, with the Territorial/Babinsa Apparatus on duty in the smelter area, apart from employees, the surrounding In general, the existence of the Territorial Apparatus in the midst of a constructive society, although there are criticisms of the role of the Territorial Apparatus. Ha's criticism about the unpredictability of the Territorial Apparatus in the conflict does not make the existence of the Territorial Apparatus destructive to society. On the other hand, the presence of the Territorial Apparatus increases the sense of security for the community around the mine area [7].

TNI-Government Apparatus Relations
Relations between the military and government officials are relatively better. Through the forum for the District Leadership Deliberation (Muspika). In the Muspika, all stakeholders are gathered, especially government officials with territorial officials to discuss and implement efforts to maintain security stability and development activities in all aspects of the Morosi smelter industrial area [8]. The data above shows that the relationship between the Territorial Apparatus and the Regional Government Apparatus is relatively much better. Although some informants said that in carrying out their duties in the field, sometimes there were misunderstandings between the security forces Table 5 Misunderstanding Between Security Forces BA "Usually there are misunderstandings between Babinsa and Public Relations in the field, for example: When TNI/Babinsa officers are unable to cope with demonstrations from a community group (in one case). However, when the company's PR was able to deal with the action, the officers were offended. However, this condition did not last long, it was immediately resolved with a family approach that has been developed at this time. Likewise, this sometimes happens between elements of the TNI and the police." APL "Physically they are always together guarding the security post and conducting patrols in the smelter area, but behind that, there is still unhealthy competition between security elements. Where each element wants to get more trust from the management of the company, so that their personnel are always used in the security system." If we look at the civil-military relations in the research, it is found that the ideal social cohesion has not been fully realized. The fluctuating relationship with the company causes the relationship between the Territorial Apparatus -the company to have the weakest social cohesion. With the Government Apparatus, the relationship is classified as more stable so that the social cohesion of the Territorial Apparatus Government Apparatus is high. As for the community, the relationship is moderate. Territorial Apparatus' social cohesion -Society is more stable than the Territorial Apparatus' relationship with the company [9] [10]. However, it is not as stable as the relationship between the Territorial Apparatus and the Government Apparatus. The configuration of the pattern of relations between the Territorial Apparatus and civil groups can be seen in the table below: Table 6. Civil-military Social Relations Character in Morosi Abstraction of the findings of this study indicates that there is another category of separation of military realism versus civil liberalism. This research finds a new novelty, in the form of a new category of mapping civilmilitary relations that Huntington offers. Huntington contains two categories that go hand in hand, namely military realism and civil liberalism. Researchers offer a new category, namely "Transformative Pragmatism" [11], [12].

Conclusion
The conclusion of the configuration of the pattern of civil-military relations in the context of the mining industry in Morosi shows differences, both in the nature of social relations and the level of social cohesion. With companies, the nature of the Territorial Apparatus' social relations is more volatile and social cohesion is sometimes disturbed. With society, the nature of the social relations of the Territorial Apparatus tends to be stable and social cohesion is relatively strong. With the Government Apparatus, the social relations of the Territorial Apparatus are stable and social cohesion is very strong.