Introverted Personality in Jules Verne Around the World in Eighty Days

. This research aimed at finding out the main characters’ personality in the novel of Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne based on Carl Gustav Jung’s psychoanalysis. The method used in collecting the data was close reading, note-taking and highlighting. Then the researchers analyse the data by Jung’s personality theory. The focus of the research was the introverted personality of the main character. The results revealed that the main character has the four types of the introverted personality; introverted thinking type, introverted feeling type, introverted sensing type, and introverted intuitive type. The dominant type was introverted sensing type. His calmness always appears when he is faced with obstacles that hinder his journey and it is the personality of introverted sensing type.


Introduction
Personality is the pattern of psychological and behavioral characteristic by which each person can be compared and contrasted with each other [1]. According to Feist and Feist, personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behaviour [2].
Fantasies may lead the reader to imagine the world and sometimes painfully realistic themes from a more imaginative perspective than realistic fiction or fact [3]. Literary works, as products of literature, deal with more than just words and the ability to create narratives; they also deal with society, reality, and the truth [4]. A literary work that is seen as a psychological phenomenon, will display psychological aspects through characters if by chance the text is a drama or prose [5]. Character is a main part of a story especially the main character. In presenting the character of the story, it related to psychology.
Wellek and Warren said the term of psychology literary has four different senses. The first is a study of the psychology of the author as a type or as a person. The second is a study of the creative process. The third is the type of study and the laws of psychology are applied in literature. And the fourth is a study of the impact of literature and readers [6]. The presence of a literary work can be done with an approach, for example psychological approach. That is criticism that focused on the psychological aspects of literature.
The purpose of psychology of literature is to understand the psychological aspects contained in * Corresponding author: rosalia@unmus.ac.id literary works. In literary studies, the role of the researcher is vital, especially in interpreting meaning carefully [7]. Research in psychology of literature is in two ways. First, understanding the psychological theories and then analyze a literary work. Second, determining a literary work as the object of the research, and then determining the psychological theories that are considered relevant for conducting the analysis. Psychology of literature is a literary study that views the work as a psychological activity of the author who will use creativity, taste, and intention in his work. Likewise, the reader in responding to the work will also not be separated from their own psyche [8].
Jung distinguishes two main attitudes or personality orientations; extravert and introvert. According to Jung everyone has both personalities, although both cannot be active at the same time [9]. Personality is determined by the direction of one's psychic energy. Extravert refers to the person who directs his psychic energy to the outside world. Whereas, the person who directs psychic energy into himself is referred to as an introverted personalities [10]. According to Jung, we do not quite understand a person's personality from extravert or introverted personalities. That personality is just a matter of where the psychic energy leads and has not explained how a person gets information from his environment. Jung introduces four functions: thinking, feeling, intuiting and sensing. Thinking and feeling are included in rational groups because they work actively, evaluate and decide actions against objects encountered based on certain criteria.
The character that the researcher analyzed is taken from a novel entitled Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne. This is a classic adventure novel and published in 1873. In the story, Phileas Fogg as the main character lived in London. He attempts to around the world in eighty days on a £20,000 wager set by his friends at the Reform Club [10].
Jung prioritizes the transcendence of these four opposing things [12]. The two types of personality and four functions, Jung classifies them into the following eight personality theories: a The Extraverted Thinking Types are those who put the mind forward so that they may give the impression of cold or ignorance. Descriptions of their main properties are objective, rigid, and cold. b The Introverted thinking type that is the opposite of extravert thinkers, this type is strongly influenced by original ideas with subjective rationale, not with objective data. The main characteristic of the introverted type of thinker is theoretical, intelligent, and impractical. c The Extraverted Feeling Type.
People with extravert feelings use objective data in performing judgments. The description of the main properties is vibrant, cheerful, and gentle The Introverted Feeling Type. The emotional expression of introverted people is lacking because the emotions within them are powerful and distressing to themselves. The main qualities of introverted people are silence, childishness, and ignorance. d The Extraverted Sensing Type. People who perceive extravert perceive external stimuli objectively as these stimuli are in reality. The description of the main properties is realistic, sensual and cheerful. e The Introverted Sensing Type. Introverted men are generally influenced by their prejudices of vision, taste, touch and so on. The main properties of people who introvert sensing type are passive, calm, and artistic. f The Extraverted Intuitive Type. Intuitive extraverted people are focused on the facts in the outside world. The main characteristic is fancy, fickle and creative. g The Introverted Intuitive Type. People with this type cannot be understood easily, and their ability to communicate effectively is very limited. The main characteristics of this type are mystical, dreamer, and unique.' The introverts are those who do not like to socialize and like to avoid situations that force them to communicate. The introverts are uncomfortable communicating and preferring alone. There are some writings that suggest that cyber-counselling can be beneficial to the introverts. The introvert listed in this article are individuals who are shy, have a sense of humor, lack of self-confidence and dare not deal with the public [13].

Research Method
Descriptive qualitative research is used in this research for seeking, collecting, classifying, analyzing data and drawing conclusions. The aim of this research is focus to find out the introvert personality of the main character in the novel. The main character of the novel is Phileas Fogg. This research analyzes Jules Verne novel, Around the World in Eighty Days published in 1873. In descriptive qualitative research, the researcher uses personality theory by Carl Gustav Jung.
A literary work can be investigated through close reading by reading it carefully, paying attention to the details, and giving the researcher feedback by asking and responding to questions that are pertinent to the research questions in order to reflect the theories that will be applied and in determining the meaning of the reading [14]. The data were collected by close reading, note taking and highlighting the relevant data. For this current research adopted such method to identify of the character related on type the introvert thinking theory.

The Introverted Feeling Type
He was, in short, the least communicative of men. He talked very little, and seemed all the more mysterious for his taciturn manner. (P.9) Always the same impassible member of the Reform Club, whom no incident could surprise, as unvarying as the ship's chronometers, and seldom having the curiosity even to go upon the deck, he passed through the memorable scenes of the Red Sea with cold indifference; (P.48)

The Introverted Sensing Type
Sir Francis Cromarty had observed the oddity of his travelling companion although the only opportunity he had for studying him had been while he was dealing the cards, and between two rubbers and questioned himself whether a human heart really beat beneath this cold exterior, and whether Phileas Fogg had any sense of the beauties of nature. (P.62) 'Is it possible,' resumed Phileas Fogg, his voice betraying not the least emotion, 'that these barbarous customs still exist in India, and that the English have been unable to put a stop to them?' (P.78) 'I have yet twelve hours to spare; I can devote them to that.' 'Why, you are a man of heart!' 'Sometimes,' replied Phileas Fogg, quietly; 'when I have the time.'(P.80) 'The facts are admitted?' asked the judge. 'Admitted,' replied Mr. Fogg, coldly. (P.103) Phileas Fogg gazed at the tempestuous sea, which seemed to be struggling specially to delay him, with his habitual tranquillity. He never changed countenance for an instant, though a delay of twenty hours, by making him too late for the Yokohama boat, would almost inevitably cause the loss of the wager. (P.122)

The Introverted Intuitive Type
He was one of the most noticeable members of the Reform Club, though he seemed always to avoid attracting attention; an enigmatical personage, about whom little was known, except that he was a polished man of the world. (P.2) He breakfasted and dined at the club, at hours mathematically fixed, in the same room, at the same table, never taking his meals with other members, much less bringing a guest with him; and went home at exactly midnight, only to retire at once to bed. (P.10)

Discussion
Jules Verne created this book in 1873. Around the World in 80 Days novel was a brilliant achievement in 1873 because it gave readers a glimpse of technology that was unimaginable at the time. It narrates the story of Englishman Phileas Fogg, who serves as the president of an organization known as the Reform Club. Fogg's life was always organized; he disliked rushing things and was always prepared to jump in if needed. He also always arrived on time and was never in a rush. When offered a wager once, he took it without the slightest hesitation.
The personality of the main character in this book is really stands out. Phileas Fogg, the main character, tells us from the beginning of this novel that he is someone whose lifestyle is very simple despite the wealth he has. When on his journey to do the wager around the world, the personality of the main character is so clearly revealed.
Carl Gustav Jung divided personality in two types, Extraverted and Introverted. The focus of this research is on the introverted personality. There are four types of introverted personalities; introverted thinking type, introverted feeling type, introverted sensing type, amd introverted intuitive type.
The main character, Phileas Fogg, has the four types of the introverted personality. The dominant introverted personality is the introverted sensing type.
The introverted thinking type of the main character appears when he is faced with a wager that requires him to around the world in 80 days. He accepted the wager because, theoretically, it could happen and he had taken into account all the obstacles that occurred during the trip.
The introverted feeling type, it causes the emotional expression of introverted people is lacking because the emotions within them are powerful and distressing to themselves. This personality is described by the narrative of the novel as being an uncommunicative person. He is also described as a figure of ignorance, rarely having curiosity.
Then the introverted sensing type of the main characters appears when he faced with obstacles that hinder his journey. Several times, he was faced with obstacles. This can be seen when he crossed India. At that time, he and his friends were faced with a ritual of human sacrifice. When the other friends raised anger at the strange ritual, Mr. Fogg remained calm in responding to it. The calmness and passiveness was also described by his friend, Sir Francis Cromarty, who had observed him along the way.
People with the introverted intuitive type cannot be understood easily, and their ability to communicate effectively is very limited. The main characteristics of this type are mystical, dreamer, and unique. The main character described that he was one of the most noticeable members of the Reform Club, though he seemed always to avoid attracting attention; an enigmatical personage, about whom little was known, except that he was a polished man of the world. The patterns of his life and the habits described mathematically every day.

Conclusion
Human's personality can be learned by psychology. Psychology of literature tries to reveal the psychology of the character in the novel. Jules Verne created Around the World in 80 Days novel in 1873. It narrates the story of Englishman Phileas Fogg; the main character life was always organized; from the beginning of this novel tells that he is someone whose lifestyle is very simple despite the wealth he has. When on his journey to do the wager around the world, the personality of the main character is so clearly revealed. Carl Gustav Jung divided personality in two types, Extraverted and Introverted. The focus of this research is on the introverted personality. There are four types of introverted personalities; introverted thinking type, introverted feeling type, introverted sensing type, and introverted intuitive type. The main character, Phileas Fogg, has the four types of the introverted personality. The dominant introverted personality is the introverted sensing type. Introverted men are generally influenced by their https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214902019 , 02019 (2022) SHS Web of Conferences 149 ICSS 2022 prejudices of vision, taste, touch and so on. The main properties of people who introvert sensing type are passive, calm, and artistic.