Ramang The Legends of Makassar Football Union (An Overview of Sports History)

. This study aims to determine the Makassar Football Association, which is headquartered in Makassar, South Sulawesi province. The Makassar Football Association was founded on November 2, 1915 which at that time was still a football association called Makassar Voetbal Bond. Based on the historical background of his achievements, Makassar Voetbal Bond features male players in the elite ranks of Dutch East Indies football such as Sagi and Sangkala as reliable players who at that time were highly respected by Dutch players. The Makassar Football Association is known as the birthplace of young and talented football players. Talented young players include Ramang, Suardi Arlan, Nursalam and Maulwi Saelan. The player emerged and triumphed in the 1950-1970 era. Ramang is a football legend who came from PSM which at that time was still called Makassar Voetbal Bond. Ramang began strengthening the Makassar Football Association in 1947. This study uses a qualitative approach with historical methods through heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.


Introduction
Football is a sport that has been known for thousands of years. The sport originated in China. In a military document it is stated that since 206 BC, namely during the reign of the Tsin and Han Dynasties, people have played a ball game called Tsu Chu. Tsu means hitting the ball with the feet. Meanwhile, Chu means a ball of leather and has its contents [1]. They play a ball made of animal skin by kicking and dribbling it into a net that is spread on two poles. Players aim the ball into a small net using their feet, chest, back and shoulders while trying to withstand attacks from opponents. The players consist of 11 people. One person as a goalkeeper who can hold the ball with his hands.
According to Bill Murray, football history expert in his book The World Game: A History of Soccer say; Football has been played since the beginning of Christ. At that time the people of ancient Egypt were familiar with the game of carrying and kicking a ball made of linen bundles. Ancient Greek history also records a game called Episcuro, which is a game using a ball [2] Around the year 500 -600 BC later or in 706 BC Japan was also familiar with games such as Tsu Chu, although not the same as those known in China. In addition, in Greece, there was also a pre-football sport called Episkyros, and in Rome people knew the game Harpastum, which is a game with small balls. The players are divided into two groups facing each other on * Corresponding author ; bustan@unm.ac.id a rectangular field bounded by a line and there is a center line. The goal is to dribble past the opponent's boundary line with steps and sometimes do it with all the tricks [3] After the Football Association, which was the first football association in 1863. Furthermore, several football associations emerged successively such as in the Netherlands, namely The Scottisch FA in 1873, The Ta Of Wales in 1875, The Irish FA in Belfast, New Zealand in 1891, Argentina in 1891. 1893, Chile in 1895, Switzerland and Belgium in 1895, Italy in 1898, Germany and Uruguay in 1900, Hungary in 1901, and Finland in 1907 [4] On May 21, 1904, the World Football Federation (FIFA) was founded in Paris. The pioneers were France, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland [5]. The rules of football are also growing, especially in Latin America. In Indonesia the game of football was introduced by the Dutch who came to work in Dutch East Indies government agencies as employees in plantations, trading offices, shipping and mining as employees. Bumiputra workers choose soccer as a means of recreation and maintain fitness in order to stay healthy and have strong physical endurance [6] At first the game of football could only be played by Westerners, namely the Dutch. Then followed by the Chinese and then the natives who were on par with the Dutch. This is because only the ruling class has the opportunity to exercise and football is a new model game which at that time was still foreign in Indonesia Around the year 1600 in Sulawesi and Maluku people were already playing ball with balls made of rattan. The remnants of the legacy of this game are still known and are still played in the community. In South Sulawesi people know or call it Sepakraga. Competed in teams with long contests playing the ball in the air with foot kicks as the main movement. In West Sumatra people call it Sepakrago. In East Java, people call it the tebung game [6] The Makassar Football Association has always been known as the birthplace of young and talented football players. Talented young players who entered the Indonesian national team from Makassar include Ramang, Suardi Arlan, Nursalam and Maulwi Saelan. The player emerged and triumphed in the 1950-1970s era. This football player from Makassar grew up and grew up in the typical Makassar football, which is known to be tough, straightforward, and brave. A style of football game from the Karebosi field tradition. The author is interested in studying Ramang at the Makassar Football Association because Ramang himself is a legendary player and a symbol for the Makassar Football Association [7].

Research Method
This study uses a qualitative method with a historical approach that goes through several stages. First, heuritics which is the process of collecting data. Second, criticism, namely verification of historical sources that have been collected. Third, interpretation, namely interpreting the data that has been verified. Fourth, historiography, which is writing data that has been interpreted into systematically arranged sentences [8] The process of collecting data was carried out by studying literature related to the history of the ball. Conducted interviews with Makassar football administrators, former players and supporters. The data collected is then analyzed to obtain facts that are relevant to the research being studied by the researcher.

Overview of Ramang
Makassar Football Association, which is abbreviated as PSM, is an Indonesian football team based in Makassar, South Sulawesi Province. PSM Makassar was founded on November 2, 1915 which at that time was still a football association called Makassar Voetbal Bond (MVB). Based on the historical background of its achievements, MVB featured young male players in the elite ranks of Dutch East Indies football such as Sagi and Sangkala as reliable players who at that time were highly respected by Dutch players. [9] [10] In 1926-1940, MVB had played with several teams from within the country and abroad. The matches played by MVB domestically include the Java region, such as Quick, Excelcior, HBS, and clubs from Sumatra, Borneo, and Bali. Meanwhile, the matches played by MVB from abroad were against teams from Hong Kong and Australia [11] Ramang is a legendary football player from PSM (Makassar Football Association) which at that time was still called Makassar Voetbal Bond (MVB). Ramang started strengthening PSM Makassar (MVB) in 1947, through a club called PERSIS (Sulawesi Main Football Association). As a new player in this league, Ramang initially competed with other MVB players. In one match, Ramang scored most of the goals and made his club win by a landslide score of 9-0 for his team's victory. This extraordinary victory and achievement marked the beginning of Ramang's joining PSM. Ramang's dream has come true, entering the real world of football. Imagine, Ramang's football hobby was previously only channeled through simple media in the form of games by kicking citrus fruits, cloth rolls, and rattan woven balls in sports games since he was 10 years old (Bucce Molle, Interview July 22, 2009).
Ramang's father was named Nyo'lo, who was an aide to the King of Gowa Djondjong Karaenta Lemamparang. His father was indeed at that time, had long been known as a soccer champion in the realm of the kingdom. This shows that Ramang's talent is indeed inherited from his father's expertise. At first Ramang strengthened Bond Barru, the place where he was born. However, before the proclamation of independence on August 17, 1945, Ramang and his family moved to Ujung Pandang and left the coffee shop business he founded with his wife (Anwar Ramang, Interview July 22, 2009).
During Ramang, the recruitment of players was done by way of competition. Football players from various clubs came to play and were selected strictly without any element of siding with any of the players. Players who really have the ability and good quality will enter as PSM players. Likewise, during the Anwar Ramang era, the player recruitment system was carried out in the same way, namely through competition. So the performance of PSM during the Ramang and Anwar Ramang era was very good. As a consequence, PSM has never been out of the four rankings.
In addition, during the time of Ramang and his son, Anwar Ramang entered as a player who strengthened PSM, without expecting more income. At that time the more important thing was the feeling of siri in defending and fighting for PSM. This is because the players do not want their club to lose to other clubs. If you lose to another club then the players feel ashamed (siri). In an interview with Anwar Ramang he said the following: Back in my father's time there was a competition system. Players who want to enter PSM must first be properly selected. During my father's time there was no contract system, nor was there in my time. So we play only series. In my time there was no competition system. So, if you want good players, there must be competition again because there are many talented regional players (Interview, 21 July 2009).
Based on this description, it can be said that during the time of Ramang and his son Anwar Ramang, the player recruitment system was carried out fairly through a strict selection process. Likewise, the issue of material or rewards, does not seem to be a problem for the players. For them, making PSM a football union that is respected by other football associations is the main goal. On the other hand, if the PSM has poor performance, it is considered to be siri (embarrassment) against other football associations. Thus, it is not surprising that during the Ramang period there were many great PSM or All-Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) players.
The results of the interview with Anwar Ramang revealed that his father (Ramang) did not have another permanent job. He was just a football player and most of his life was spent playing football. Therefore, it is not surprising that he became a very great soccer player and has never been owned by other football players.

Makassar Football Association of the Ramang era
Ramang has a unique prowess, because if he was offered the ball by his friend, he would have scored a goal. In other words, his friend was just waiting for the music as a sign that another goal was scored at the feet of Ramang. The description of Anwar Ramang's interview is as follows: "My father is a great player, has great qualities that other players don't have, because if he has been pushed the ball forward by his friend, then his friend is just waiting for the music to score again" (Interview 21 July 2009). Anwar Ramang's statement is supported by the words of Bucce Molle, a former PSAD (Army Football Association) player and the secretary of PSM Now. He said that: "Ramang is really great. Even if the corner kick usually turns straight into the goal. He also has a very hard kick when people say banana kick now" (Interview 21 July 2009).
Just to illustrate that before Ramang joined PSM, he had a club called PERSIS (Sulawesi Main Football Association) which in Dutch is known as Coution Voetbal Bond (CVB). It was at this club that Ramang was seen as having very good talent, so he was later recruited as a PSM player. The biggest victory for the Ramang club, namely PERSIS, was a landslide score of 9-0 in the competition.
The football clubs that existed in 1960 or in the Ramang era were PERSIS club, MOS club, MINAESA club, BINTANG TIMUR club, NANGHOA club, CUNG HOA club, ELSELSOR club, PIOS club, JONG AMBON club, ISAP club and club PSAD. For clubs like NANGHOA and CUNG HOA are Chinese football clubs (Rasyid Dahlan, interview, 22 July 2009).
Ramang and his teammates traveled around Indonesia playing football. However, when he returned to Makassar, someone came and asked him to work as an Opas at the Public Works Department (DPU). At that time Ramang accepted the offer. According to information, Ramang's salary at work is Rp. 3,500 and has never been increased. Fortunately, at that time Ramang was still allowed to play football (Rasyid Dahlan, interview, 22 July 2009). This is in line with the statement of former PSM player and former National Football (PSSI) player Rasyid Dahlan who said the following: "Ramang after coming back to Makassar besides being a football player he also worked in PU, that was around the 1970s but he still played football because he couldn't leave the ball" (Interview, 22 July 2009). In 1952 Ramang replaced Sunardi, Suardi's older brother Arlan attended training in Jakarta. Ramang's participation in training in Jakarta, made him selected as the main player for the Indonesian national team. Ramang's position in the Indonesian Football Association (PSSI), is as a center forward. He was accompanied by Suardi Arlan on the right and Nursalam on the left, he was like a braided horse in the middle of the arena. His play as a centre-forward is amazing. So a year later he traveled in several foreign lands. His name skyrocketed to become a favorite player for the audience and respected by opposing players.
The PSM players as well as the All-Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) players who are in the same class as Ramang in an interview with Rasyid Dahlan are as follows: Right Ramang has a strong running speed and kicks. Nur Salam holds the ball quite well. If the ball he has been given the ball under any circumstances he is able to hold it or control it well. Meanwhile, Suardi has the advantage of carrying the ball or his fried balls. When he gets the ball, it is difficult for the opposing player to take it (Rasyid Dahlan, interview, 22 July 2009).
In 1954, Ramang had traveled to various Asian countries such as the Philippines, Hong Kong, Thailand and Malaysia. In his visits to various Asian countries, Ramang and his friends mostly won in every match they lived. Likewise they also put more balls into the opponent's goal. Of the 25 goals scored in matches against Asian clubs, PSSI only conceded 6 goals. While PSSI was able to enter 19 goals into the opponent's goal. Of the 19 goals scored by the National Team of which were born from the feet of Ramang. In an interview with Rasyid Dahlan said the following: In the 1950s we toured Asia against a Hong Kong team. We won 1-0 which scored Ramang's goal, against the Japanese side, won 1-0 which also scored Ramang's goal, against the Korean team and the result was a 1-1 draw which also scored Ramang (Interview, 22 July 2009). Thanks to Ramang's achievements at the All-Indonesian Football Association, Indonesian football has been taken into account in the Asian region. The European One Clubs conducted trials with the strength of the National Team. Starting from Yugoslavia whose https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214902028 , 02028 (2022) SHS Web of Conferences 149 ICSS 2022 goal was guarded by Beara who at that time was one of the goalkeepers.
In an interview with Rasyid Dahlan I asked why the Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) at that time had not been able to enter the world cup. According to him, to enter the world cup is not easy because there are still many countries that have good football, such as Brazil, Germany and Russia. The results of the interview are as follows: "To enter the world is not easy, there are many best countries such as Brazil, Germany, Russia. But we played Russia the score was 0-0". (Interview July 22, 2009).
Ramang is known as a goal-hungry striker. Ramang is indeed a skilled shooter, from any target, in any difficult situation, kicking from all positions while running fast. One advantage that is still coveted by each of our football players to this day, especially the overhead shot.
Ramang's expertise in soccer is a gift of nature to him as an accomplished ex-soccer player. Goals through beautiful and surprising overhead kicks are often demonstrated by Ramang. One of them was when PSSI beat China with a score of 2-0 in Jakarta. Both goals were born from Ramang's feet, one of which was an overhead shot. It was the match before the world championship in Sweden in 1958 In an interview with Anwar Ramang said the following: "The greatness of playing father is a natural talent. He has very strong running speed and kicks. If he has taken the ball then his friends will not pay attention anymore. His friend was just waiting for that goal again. That's the greatness (Interview, 21 July 2009)" The second match continued in Peking, PSSI against PRC (China). In that match Indonesia lost by a score of 3-4. The third match held in Rangoon was also against China with the score 0-0. Furthermore, Indonesia will fight Israel, but does not have diplomatic relations with Indonesia, so PSSI was forced not to leave.
In contrast to what was stated by Rasyid Dahlan, who is a soccer player in Ramang's contemporaries, he said as follows: "PSSI used to be great, the players were professional, the trio used to be called Ramang, Nur Salam and Suardi. The three are compact. When we played against Russia the score was 1-1. We put all our energy and thought into it. The game really took a lot of energy at that time (Interview, 22 July 2009)". Ramang's triumph was short. In 1960, after his name was known to the world, he was suddenly suspended. Ramang is accused of taking bribes. In 1962 Ramang was recalled to PSSI, but his prestige had diminished. In 1968 at the age of 40, Ramang played for the last time for the PSM team in Medan, which ended in defeat. Even though after that Ramang's career in football didn't really die like it was swallowed up by the earth. As he got older, he received a call from the regent of Blitar to become a coach there (Anwar Ramang, Interview 21 July 2009).
Ramang's coaching career was also recorded at PSM and Persipal Palu. When he was a trainer at Persipal, Ramang was awarded a hectare of clove plantation by the Donggala community in Palu. The prize was given to Ramang for his achievements in bringing Persipal to become one of the most respected teams in Indonesia. He never received such an award at PSM Makassar.
For Ramang to become a football coach, it is not easy for a graduate of the People's School (SR) like him. He then had to be slowly removed simply because he did not have a coaching certificate. Ramang naturally trains only to teach his experience coupled with the theory he once got from former PSSI coach Tony Pogacknic who he really respects.
On September 26, 1987 at the age of 59 years. The legendary former soccer player Ramang passed away in his very simple house which he shared with his 19 children, sons-in-law and grandchildren. Ramang was buried at the Panaikang TPU. To commemorate Ramang's services as a legendary PSM and PSSI player, a statue was made on the Karebosi field. In addition, until now one of the nicknames of PSM Makassar is the Ramang Troop. It is ironic to know the life story of the former PSM and PSSI soccer star.

Conclusion
At SMP Negeri 2 Mejene there is still a gap between the real situation and the expected conditions. In the learning process, the material is only limited to material sourced from books, not based on contextual events in accordance with the applicable curriculum. In the application of learning in SMP Negeri 2 Majene seen in 3 aspects, namely; characteristic aspects, aspects of the nature of the strategy and aspects of the stages in the strategy.
These aspects illustrate that the implementation of problem-based learning strategies in SMP Negeri 2 Majene has been going well. These results indicate that teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Majene have implemented problem-based learning strategies well based on aspects and indicators. Basically, the application of the right strategy affects the understanding of students' learning materials.