Study of E-Readiness: Integration of SDGS Indicators in Village Development Planning in Malo District, Bojonegoro Regency

. The government has implemented various digital-based data applications for village development. Unfortunately, the use of this technology by village officials is still a challenge. Using the Strategy, Technology, Organization, People and Environment (STOPE) framework, this research is measuring the E-readiness of the village apparatus in using the Village SDGs data for development planning as well as to explore how the village apparatus is ready to synergize various digital-based applications in village development planning. The concept of E-readiness is the ability of the government and its citizens to take advantage of the potential of information and communication technology in governance process. This research uses the descriptive method. The research was conducted in seven villages in the Malo district, Bojonegoro regency. The results showed that the readiness of village government officials to manage data is promising. Some of the village government Readiness subdomains in the STOPE framework have achieved good results (ready and very ready). However, some sub-domains have not yet reached the ready category in integrating SDGs data in development planning and programs.


Introduction
Government adaptation to the development of information technology is a necessity as a commitment to good governance. The use of various digital-based information systems is one of the efforts to build accountability, transparency, and responsiveness in governance, including at the village government level. One of the e-government practices at the village level is the Village Information System (Sistem Informasi Desa, SID). The Village Information System (SID) is a channel to inform the community, village government, ministries, institutions, regional work units, and other institutions about village conditions, development planning and empowerment, as well as development achievements that the village has achieved. Information in this channel was obtained based on the Village SDGs data, the Village Building Index (Index Desa Membangun, IDM), Village Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa), and Village Funds (Kemendesa, 2016).
Data integration and management by leveraging advances in information and communication technology (ICT) has become a popular focus of government efforts to reduce costs, improve services, save time and increase effectiveness and efficiency in the public sector ( E-readiness is defined as "a measure of the quality of a country's information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure and the ability of its consumers, businesses and governments to use ICT to their benefit" (EIU, 2008). According to the results of the release of the United Nations in the United Nations (UN) E-government Survey 2020, Indonesia is ranked 88th for the development and implementation of egovernment or an electronic-based government system (SPBE), which means that it has increased by 19 ranks from 2018 (KemenpanRB, 2020). However, the challenge of E-readiness is not only in the community as final service recipients but also in the public sector apparatus themselves as data managers and users (Nento et al., 2017;Subhan & Budy Pratama, 2019;Sukarso et al., 2015). E-readiness is an important issue because the application of electronic systems in government is not only about technical issues but also related to changing the apparatus's behaviour towards technology and organizations. Since village SDGS data management has become increasingly digital, researchers consider it important to look at the Ereadiness of village officials in using village SDGS electronic data for village development planning

Methods
The stages of this research include literature study, preparation of research instruments in the form of questionnaires, validity & reliability tests, surveys and data collection, analysis and data processing using a modified Strategy, Technology, Organization, People and Environment (STOPE) framework. The STOPE framework was chosen because it is a comprehensive framework and integration of various factors that have been used to measure e-readiness and suitability with research objectives. This framework can also be used in different organizations such as government, banking and private; it can add and integrate other potential factors according to the characteristics of the object of research; evaluate various problems of implementing information and communication technology such as egovernment planning, e-business and information security management; has developed a mathematical analysis model that allows an assessment of e-readiness and comparison of the level of its influence on the value of e-readiness at once at three different levels including domain, sub-domain and sub-sub-domain (Al-Osaimi et al., 2008; Nugroho, 2020). ). The STOPE framework consists of 5 (five) domains. This research was conducted by a descriptive method. The population of this research is seven villages in the administrative area of Malo sub-district, Bojonegoro regency, totalling 20 villages. The sample taken to complete the data is specific, namely the government and development planning section of 14 people. Data were collected using a survey technique using a questionnaire with a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = very bad and 5 = very good) and can be filled out online via Google Form. The indicators in the questionnaire have also been used in previous research, namely the Nugroho study (Nugroho & Purbokusumo, 2020), which also tested e-readiness at the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Nento et al., 2017). The stages of determining the level of readiness (ereadiness) of the sub-domains are as follows. In this assessment, the technology domain is given greater weight to assess overall readiness. This is based on research that the effect of e-government maturity in 191 countries using panel data from 2002-2008 and a mixed effects regression model that the level of egovernment maturity is influenced by the level of ICT infrastructure (Das et al., 2017).
b. Then the weighted products are added together. c. The number of each of these domains is the basis of the readiness rating.

Results and Discussion
The use of ICT can help make it easier to provide public services. The benefits of using ICT can provide better public services to the community, improve interaction between the government, the private sector and the community, more efficient government management, and so on. There are phases in the application of ICT in the public sector or e-government described by Sinambela, including a) phase I preparation, b) phase II maturation, c) phase III stabilization, and d) phase IV utilization/reform (Indrajit, 2002). Several important indicators are used to analyze the emergence of e-government related to the availability of infrastructure in developing egovernment implementation strategies. These indicators include a) is the data systems infrastructure ready? b) is the legal infrastructure ready? c) is the institutional infrastructure ready? d) is the human infrastructure ready? e) is the technological infrastructure ready? dan f) is the leadership and strategy ready? (Heeks, 2001; Nugroho, 2020) Dalam perkembangannya terdapat beberapa bentuk model egovernment yaitu a) government to government (G2G), b) government to citizen (G2C), dan c) government to business (G2B) (Majapahit & Hexagraha, 2021). In its development, there are several forms of egovernment models, namely a) government to government (G2G), b) government to citizen (G2C), and c) government to business (G2B) (Majapahit & Hexagraha, 2021). According to Layne and Lee (2001), there are at least four important stages in the egovernment development model. The five stages include a) cataloguing, b) transaction, c) vertical integration, and d) horizontal integration (Layne & Lee, 2001). Meanwhile, according to the World Bank, it consists of 3 stages: publish, interact, and transact (Khristianto, 2007).
The concept of e-readiness was born from the high failure rate of e-government development, especially in developing countries. Where in developing countries there is 85% experience failure in implementing egovernment. Of this 85%, 35% are total failures, and 50% are partial failures, so only 15% are considered successful in implementing e-government (Heeks, 2001;Nento et al., 2017). Various studies on models and indicators to assess e-readiness have been developed. Thus, various models were born that can be used to measure the level of government e-readiness in the development of e-government with various approaches. It can be concluded that no assessment model covers all topics and provides the necessary complete data set. So it is not uncommon for researchers to modify various approaches.
One of them is the e-readiness model proposed by Peter, which provides indicators for measuring ereadiness by combining the technology infrastructure, human resources and policy approaches (Staletić et al., 2020). This approach emphasizes organizational readiness in developing and utilizing e-government as seen from 3 main indicators, namely readiness in procuring the required technology infrastructure, the readiness of human resources in terms of abilities and skills, and readiness of policies that have been established to support successful development. Egovernment.
Another approach was developed (Davis, 1989) known as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Furthermore, the e-readiness model according to the Computer System Policy Project (CSPP) consists of: 1) infrastructure, 2) access, 3) application and service, 4) economy, 5) enabler (Nugroho, 2020). Furthermore, the development of a framework for the e-readiness assessment model known as the STOPE framework namely strategy, technology, organization, people, and environment (Al-Osaimi et al., 2008; Nugroho, 2020). By measuring e-readiness, the government can identify issues that hinder the implementation of egovernment and implement appropriate alternative strategies. The results of the e-readiness assessment can help governments measure their readiness stage, identify gaps and then redesign their respective government strategies. The level of e-readiness also has an important role in policies on the development of egovernment in Iran (Khalil, 2011). The e-readiness assessment provides information for private and public sector decision-making to formulate policies required for e-government projects. By conducting an e-readiness assessment, information on the appropriate ICT policy framework in the context of e-government is generated (Potnis & Pardo, 2011). The lack of e-readiness affects the failure of egovernment implementation (Heeks, 2006). E-readiness assessment in the implementation of egovernment is very much needed. This assessment aims to provide a solid basis for building the planning process, which becomes an integral step in making sound investment policies and decisions (CID, 2019). The implementation of village government by utilizing information technology makes village e-government a vehicle for accountability for government administration so that an independent, transparent, and accountable government will be created. However, egovernment in village government is not only a matter of a village website but is an integrated system of information technology so as to make village government more efficient and transparent as mandated by the Village Law (JDIH BPK RI, 2014).
Information Technology support in village government will encourage a single data that is always updatable through the village apparatus (Mayowan, 2016). Based on this premise, this research intends to conduct a study on the development of an egovernment model for local government at the village level as the basic foundation of public services to the government level above. "The development of the egovernment model at the local government level was formulated (Bhatia, 2012) through a strategic plan for information systems and information technology, which began with formulating a conceptual framework consisting of dimensions of leadership, human resources, institutional reform policies, technology, and costs. The outputs produced are Information Technology management, Information Technology infrastructure development, and back-end applications that can support government performance (Kumar et al., 2007).
The readiness (E-readiness) of village officials in managing village/village SDG's electronic data in Malo District, Bojonegoro Regency is very much needed. This aims to provide a solid basis for determining various strategic policies in developing and managing electronic data from and for village SDG's electronic data. Each village's readiness will show the SDG's electronic data management process that can be used for the village development planning process. Therefore, knowing the village's readiness to manage village SDG's electronic data is the first step to ensuring the next process can run optimally. The following is the result of village readiness data in Malo District, Bojonegoro Regency, which can be seen in the following figure.

Strategy Domain
The results of the survey in the strategy domain vary from quite ready, ready, and very ready. This diversity depends on the readiness of each village in the strategic domain. The results of data processing from the strategy domain in each village in Malo District, Bojonegoro Regency can be seen in the table below.

Technology Domain
The survey results in the technology domain show that the results vary from quite ready, ready, and very ready. This diversity depends on the readiness of each village in the technology domain. The results of data processing from the technology domain in each village in Malo District, Bojonegoro Regency can be seen in the table below. Although in the aspect of technology support, according to most of the village governments, they are ready, based on interviews, there are still weaknesses in using data on the task of planning development operations in the village. According to a resource person in charge of planning, explaining the linkage of SGDs with the basis of planning is very important but has not been supported by strong network facilities. This is as quoted from the statement of Mr. Frengki Imam Supardi from Banaran village and pratama from Already village who said: "actually it is very useful and complete as a consideration for policymaking, but sometimes the server is not ready when it is inputted together so it has not been able to be utilized optimally". The synergy between applications developed in the village can be observed from the findings in the Kacangan village. According to several village officials who manage the application, they state that: "Not all, because the planning mechanism has its own mechanism that has not been linked to the application in the Musdesa proposal, sometimes it is not included in the application." This was acknowledged by Mr. Bambang Santoso and Haryono from Tinawang and Ketileng villages.

Organization Domain
The survey results in the organizational domain show that the results vary from quite ready, ready, and very ready. This diversity depends on the readiness of each village in the organizational domain. The results of data processing from the organizational domain in each

Domain of People
The survey results in the people domain show that the results are very diverse from not ready, quite ready, ready, and very ready. This diversity depends on the readiness of each village in the people domain. The results of data processing from the people domain in each village in Malo District, Bojonegoro Regency can be seen in the table below.

Environmental Domain
The survey results in the environmental domain show that the results vary from quite ready, ready, and very ready. This diversity depends on the readiness of each village in the environmental domain. The results of data processing from the environmental domain in each village in Malo District, Bojonegoro Regency can be seen in the table below. The presentation of the data in table 5 shows that in the environmental domain, villages in Malo District, Bojonegoro Regency are quite ready to manage village SDG's electronic data. This is shown from the three villages that received the predicate quite ready, namely Banaran Village, Tulungagung Village, and Kacangan Village. Furthermore, two villages received the predicate as ready, namely the Already Village and the Tanggir Village. Finally, two other villages have received the predicate as very ready, namely Tinawun Village and Ketileng Village. The environmental domain is seen from.
3 sub-domains, namely the readiness of the community/users, the attitudes/views of the community/users, and the utilization by the community/users.
The linkage of applications implemented in the village with planning needs based on findings in interviews with officials in several villages in Malo Bojonogoro sub-district showed that not all applications introduced in the village could support or become the basis for the preparation of village work programs (RKP). According to Mr. Suntoro from Tanggir village and Mudiarto from Ketiles village, they admitted that the main data source related to planning was from Musdes, then inputted to SIPD and SID. Pak Robert from Rendeng village confirmed the statement and said, "the most helpful thing is SID for the planning aspect of village development". Meanwhile, related to data from SDGs indicators, most villages in Malo subdistrict have not included it in the program planning section. This is related to several obstacles, namely: a). that Not all Indicators in SGDs are filled, b). the difference in the enumerator's perception of the survey data at the RT and RW levels, c). Network problems (frequent signal and server problems).

Conclusion
The analysis and findings in the interview show that, in general, the level of readiness of the village government in Malo District, Bojonegoro Regency, in managing village SDG's electronic data has entered the ready category. This is shown from the survey results for five domains, namely the strategy domain, the technology domain, the organizational domain, the HR domain, and the environmental domain, on average, they received the predicate of ready, some were even very ready. Although there is one village in several domains got, the domain is not ready and quite ready.