Research on Protection and Inheritance of Red Revolutionary Buildings -- A Case Study of Geyuan Town, Hengfeng County, Jiangxi Province

Absrtact. This study paper takes the Red Revolution architecture in Geyuan Town as an example. By discussing the value of Red Revolution architecture, so as to better recognize the current situation and problems of Red Revolution architecture in Jiyuan Town. Finally, it put forward the suggestions on the protection and inheritance of the Red Revolution architecture


Introduction
At present, in the Chinese field of architecture, there is no official definition of the red revolutionary architecture and the old red residence.In the first chapter of the cultural relics protection law of the People's Republic of China, article 2 puts forward five cultural relics under state protection, the red revolution building belongs to the second kind, is "related to major historical events, revolutionary movement or famous figures and has important commemorative significance, educational significance or historical value of modern important historical traces, physical, representative buildings".Zhang Taicheng pointed out in On the Red Cultural Resources that the Red Revolution buildings can be divided into two categories.The type of the old red residence is a variety of buildings or architectural complex, which is an immovable revolutionary historical relic.This type can specifically include residential house, inn, ancestral temple, school academy, trade shops, hospital clinics, roads and Bridges, canal weir, military facilities and various industrial and agricultural production and construction facilities.Red type of memorial building refers to "in the past to commemorate major events and remember heroes and the construction of all kinds of buildings, as well as after the victory of the revolution to provide people with memorial building, specific museum, memorial hall, martyrs cemetery, pavilion column, garden tower, memorial square, memorial sculpture, etc." [1] .The "Red Revolution architecture" mentioned in this article refers to the above two types of buildings.
In China, although the academic community has formed a system on red tourism and red culture, the protection of red cultural heritage is more focused on the protection of red resources, and few achievements have been made in the protection of red revolution buildings.In addition, most of these studies are concentrated in the areas in the organizational form of the "Soviet regime" and Yan'an and other places.The research on the red revolutionary architecture in northeast Jiangxi is currently in the initial stage of discussion.During the agrarian revolution period, the Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi revolutionary base area with Geyuan Town as the center was equal to the revolutionary bases such as Jinggangshan, and became one of the six revolutionary bases.It is known as "Red Capital" and is the only "Soviet model province" [2]of the six revolutionary bases in China.

Geographical Distribution of the Red Revolution Buildings in Geyuan Town
At present, the former site of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi revolutionary base area in Geyuan Town is the most complete red revolutionary architectural comple in China.Therefore, the red resources of Geyuan Town have unique advantages, with a large number of red buildings and a relatively concentrated distribution, and the red building types are more comprehensive.
Geyuan Town has five national key cultural relic protection units, the site of the Soviet Government of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province, the CPC Fujian, Zhejiang-Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, the fifth branch of the Red Army, the site of the Red Army playground and the site of the Fujian, Zhejiang-Jiangxi Provincial Military Command.There are more than 50 well-preserved revolutionary sites in the revolutionary base site group of Geyuan town.[3] Geyuan Town has 184 ancient buildings from the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, of which there are 152 in Geyuan Village and 32 in Fenglin Village.Among them, there are 23 cultural protection units (including 15 in Geyuan Village and 8 in Fenglin Village), 8 protection buildings (5 in Geyuan Village and 3 in Fenglin Village).The total construction area of the existing ancient buildings in Geyuan town is 24,712 square meters.

The Value of the Red Revolution Architecture
There are many red revolution buildings in Jiyuan Town, which fully reflect the social value, historical and cultural value, artistic value and educational value.

Social Value
In addition to its own economic value, the Red Revolution architecture can also develop the red tourism.Vigorously developing red tourism can form a virtuous circle in towns and society.This measure can not only give tourists spiritual joy and satisfaction, but also promote rural revitalization, bring many benefits to the villagers, and then promote the local sustainable development.In addition, the construction of red tourism can also enhance the local villagers' sense of identity with the red culture.
When the red culture is passed on in the society, the local governments and people will pay more attention to the protection of the red sites.Geyuan Town combines the publicity of red tourism with the protection of the old revolutionary site group.Due to the attention of the relevant departments of Geyuan Town and the support of relevant policies, the red tourism resources in the area have been fully utilized.At present, the village receives more than 100,000 tourists a year.

Historical and Cultural Value
The historical and cultural value of red revolutionary architecture is the most intuitive value that reflects the characteristics of The Times, ethnic characteristics and local characteristics, but also can prove the authenticity of revolutionary events.The historical and cultural value of the Red Revolution architecture can be shown from its status in the history of the Chinese revolution, from its connection with major historical events and historical figures, as well as from the reference sense of historical research.
Geyuan town now also preserved a number of the air-raid shelter dug by the soldiers of the Red Army.The air-raid shelter has a total length of more than 1,000 meters for the Red Army to take refuge during enemy air strikes.One of the most complete air-raid shelters is located on the north side of the former site of the CPC Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee in Fenglin Village.The hole is made of blue brick, which is about 1.8 meters high, and the widest part in the hole is about 1 meter, with a total length of more than 200 meters.The end of the air-raid shelter leads to the former site of the Soviet government in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province, mainly provided to the provincial Party committee, provincial government and provincial military commands as well as local people to prevent enemy air strikes and hiding.See Figure 1.Through the Red Revolution architecture, people can not only see the building itself, but also understand the urban style, people's behavior habits and revolutionary conditions in the past period of the war, and also understand the difficult conditions of the revolutionary period and the wisdom of the Chinese nation.Red Revolution architecture is a witness of revolutionary history.It stands still after the erosion of war and countless hail of bullets.The words on the walls reflect the call and thought of the time.The different shades of bullet holes are to mark the struggle of the revolutionaries, and also the eyes of the younger generations to remember the revolutionary history and look forward to the future.

Artistic Value
The artistic value of the Red Revolution architecture is reflected in the integration of architecture and local culture.For example, the inheritance role of the Red Revolution architecture on culture and the artistic value carried by the heritage itself.It reflected the appeal, expression, and appeal of the architecture at the time.Due to the characteristics given to itself by its ideology and culture, the Red Revolution architecture is more intact, more historic and more artistic ornamental than other buildings of its generation.Most of the ancient buildings in Geyuan Town are Wood-wear and bucket-style hanging mountain building.It is a civil structure, with interior patio and tuobu inside.The building is beautifully carved, and the courtyard is paved with pebbles, which can centrally reflect the local characteristics and customs of northeast Jiangxi.Geyuan Town also has the characteristic technology of building architectural components.Its architectural heritage, cultural relics and traditional culture are relatively concentrated, which can more fully reflect the traditional features, local characteristics and ethnic customs of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.
"Wannian Stage" is located in the northwest corner of the playground of Geyuan Town Central Primary School, where the Geyuan riots were held in December 1927.It sat east to west and was built in the late Qing Dynasty.The Wannian stage covers an area of more than 7,000 square meters, with a construction area of more than 100 square meters, a width of 12 meters and a depth of 9 meters.The Wannian stage was originally an ancient stage, 2 meters high, with a large square that can accommodate thousands of people.The stage is hard mountain style building with a gray Buva Roofing, decorated with painted cloud dragon patterns.This building has obvious local characteristics, which is still fully preserved and has more important artistic value.See Figure 2 Fig. 2. Wannian Stage in Geyuan Town

Educational Value
The revolutionary site of the Red Revolution architecture is not only a witness of the revolutionary history, but also a spiritual carrier condensed and cast from the revolution.The course of the War behind the Red Revolution Building is of far-reaching significance to strengthening patriotism education and revolutionary tradition education for the youth in the new era, and plays a great role in improving the ideological consciousness of cadres.

The Status Quo of the Red Revolutionary Building in Geyuan Town
The great protection value of the red revolutionary building is difficult to completely protect in reality.In general, Red Revolution building in Geyuan Town, there are currently the following problems:

The Long-term Erosion of the Red Revolution Buildings by the Natural Environment
There are many old sites in the revolutionary base areas of FUjian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi, and they are very large.Due to the weak economic foundation, slow development and limited local financial resources, many old sites are in disrepair for a long time, and the degree of damage is increasing year by year.The impact of natural environmental factors such as typhoon, rain, sunshine and hail on buildings cannot be controlled, and the red revolutionary buildings will inevitably be damaged to varying degrees under the erosion of nature, such as: cracking, hollowing or tilting of the walls of raw soil red SHS Web of Conferences 152, 02003 (2023) SSCHD2022 https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315202003buildings; Decay, crack and moth damage of wooden structure houses; The inner beam frame is corroded and the tile parts fall off locally; Fading of red slogans, etc (See Figure 3).Some red revolutionary buildings are on the verge of collapse under the erosion of nature, becoming dangerous buildings and facing demolition; Some red revolutionary buildings have become ruins, leaving only the memory of the site, which has been gradually forgotten with the passage of time.

Low Tourism Quality and Lack of Excavation
Geyuan has unique red resources, rich history and culture and beautiful natural scenery.However, due to natural erosion and man-made damage, some scenic resources have been damaged to varying degrees.Although the buildings at Geyuan's former revolutionary site have been protected and repaired to some extent, the atmosphere of the ancient town where the buildings are located is completely lost, They are basically modern new-style folk houses, which are incompatible with the style of red revolutionary buildings.Besides, the surrounding environment of the red revolutionary building has also been damaged.Qilin mountain, the background peak at the entrance of Geyuan town, which was damaged by excessive quarrying.Geyuan town is located in a mountainous area with rich ecological resources.It is also an important base for Chinese Ge products.However, these resources have not been fully exploited, resulting in no major breakthrough in Geyuan tourism.

Lack of Innovation and Interaction in Tourism Products
Nowadays, the red cultural products in the scenic spot of Geyuan town are relatively single, Whether it is the former site group of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi revolution or Lenin park(See Figure 3),Tourism forms are mainly sightseeing and sightseeing, with too much emphasis on the function of education.In terms of development, it lacks creativity, and the display methods are mostly pictures and cultural relics.It is relatively single, with insufficient participation, limited entertainment and poor experience.In the development of cultural products, the excavation depth is not enough, which makes the development too superficial and lack of market attraction.

Lack of Popularity is Inconsistent its Historical Status
The revolutionary base areas of FUjian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi is one of the six famous revolutionary base areas in China during the second domestic revolutionary war.Chairman Mao Zedong once highly praised it as "Fang Zhimin style revolutionary base" and "model Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province".But as the core of revolutionary red tourism in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, Hengfeng Geyuan is little known.At present, most tourists to the ancient village are individual tourists, mainly including ancient village investigation, sketching, photography, etc.

Backward Service Facilities
In tourism, tourism service plays an important role.Through field investigation and data collection, it is found that its road traffic facilities are incomplete, the entrance of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi revolutionary base is not eye-catching, and there are many village roads.Various tourist service facilities are also very weak, and the ability to receive tourists is small.Geyuan town is in a state of low development in tourism, shopping, entertainment and other supporting facilities, seriously insufficient in talent development, and lack of recreational parks, squares and other facilities.The ancient village lacks traffic facilities such as parking lot, which can not meet the needs of production, life and tourism development of the whole village residents.

Few Policies and Studies on the Value Evaluation of Red Revolution Buildings
At present, the concept of red revolutionary architecture is vague.In the discussion of the value of red cultural heritage, the specific current situation of red cultural heritage and the protection measures of red cultural heritage, there are few studies related to the protection and evaluation of specific red heritage sites, and less on the protection and evaluation of red revolutionary architectural heritage.

Enhance People's Awareness of Protection
The key to the protection of red revolutionary buildings is to improve the awareness of the whole people to protect red revolutionary buildings and make the public really participate.Except for five national security units, most of the original houses and related land use rights at the old sites are owned by the masses, and the contradiction between the use and management of the old sites and the people's life is prominent.
Local people live together with historical revolutionary buildings.The high-density and even destructive use will inevitably have an impact on the protection of buildings.Therefore, it is very important to enhance people's awareness of the protection of red revolutionary buildings.Only through citizen autonomy and social supervision, as well as the constraints of laws and regulations, can the red revolutionary buildings be SHS Web of Conferences 152, 02003 (2023) SSCHD2022 https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315202003protected.

Add Corresponding Protection Mechanism
Historic building restoration has different methods in different situations, In the restoration guidelines issued by the International Center for the protection and restoration of Roman cultural relics, the restoration methods of historic buildings are divided into seven levels -prevention of deterioration, preservation, consolidation, restoration, reproduction, reconstruction and reuse.These seven repair levels define the contents of the protection and repair of red revolution buildings, and carefully divide the work steps of building protection and repair.
In the past, due to imperfect laws and regulations and lack of funds, even if many red revolutionary buildings were included in the scope of protection, they were difficult to be effectively protected, developed and utilized.Corresponding to each level, the local government needs to increase the corresponding protection mechanism, clarify the protection mode of each red revolutionary building, systematically plan the protection of all historic buildings, and discuss specific measures on how to develop and reuse the repaired red revolutionary buildings, patrol and report in a "grid" manner on time, deal with the situation in a timely manner, and make changes.

Carry Out Protection and Inheritance
Architectural Form.Strictly abide by the provisions and requirements of the law of the people's Republic of China on the protection of cultural relics and other relevant laws and regulations, and shall not arbitrarily change the original condition of the building and the surrounding environment, and shall not carry out any construction, transformation, new construction projects and any other projects detrimental to the environment and tourism.
Historical Features.New, expanded and reconstructed buildings shall be coordinated with the features of the red revolution historical reserve in terms of height, volume, color and spatial layout.When building, expanding or rebuilding roads, the historical and cultural features of the reserve shall not be damaged.[4] Environmental Remediation.Protect the terrain, landform, water body, farmland, vegetation and other natural ecological environment around the town, do a good job in the environmental sanitation of the town, build service facilities around crowded public places, and build public toilets with a service radius of 300 meters that match the style of red revolutionary architecture.

Expansion and Development.
By combining with red tourism to drive the local economy, we can generate income through tourism tickets at the initial stage, develop interesting peripheral products, and expand and develop red resources in combination with current popular trends, such as VR greeting cards, audio red letters, red souvenir blind boxes, three-dimensional puzzles of red buildings, etc.In the site, the pictures and scenes of the revolutionary ancestors during their work and life can also be restored by means of VR technology and wax statues for tourists to recall, commemorate and feel.Local people can also carry out interesting activities to inherit the red revolutionary spirit, such as "popular military road" and "eating sweet potato rice", so as to remember the revolutionary spirit and inherit the red culture.We can also further develop online platforms and provide technical support by using the new media environment, so that people everywhere can "sound in their environment" anytime and anywhere.

Conclusion
Based on the research and analysis of this paper, it can be seen that the red revolutionary architecture, as a Chinese revolutionary relic, records the growth of the Communist Party of China and the development process of new China.The value behind it is immeasurable and reflects great historical significance.Taking the protection of red revolutionary buildings in Geyuan town as an example, this paper studies the current situation and problems of the protection of red revolutionary buildings in Geyuan Town, and believes that it is very important to improve the awareness of the whole people to protect red revolutionary buildings, increase public participation and enhance people's awareness of the protection of red revolutionary buildings.Only through citizen autonomy and social supervision, as well as the constraints of laws and regulations, can the red revolutionary buildings be effectively protected.In addition, Geyuan town needs to add corresponding protection mechanisms, make systematic planning for the protection of all historic buildings, and clarify the protection methods of each red revolutionary building.At the same time, through the combination with red tourism, we can drive the local economy, generate income through tourism tickets in the initial stage, develop interesting peripheral products, carry out interesting activities, and expand and develop red resources.

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3. Red slogan in Fenglin Village, Geyuan Town Geyuan Township is located in the Mopan Mountain Basin north of Hengfeng County.It is 35 kilometers away from the county seat, near Shangrao County in the east, Yiyang County in the west, and Dexing City in the north.The geographical coordinates are between 28 17 'to 28 44' north latitude and 117 29 'to 117 46' east longitude.In February 1931, the Party, government and army of the Northeast Jiangxi Special Zone led by Zhimin Fang moved from Yiyang County to Geyuan County and established the Soviet Government of the Northeast Jiangxi Special Zone.Then, in November 1932, the CPC Fujian and Jiangxi Provincial Committee of Fujian and the Soviet Government of Fujian and Jiangxi Province was established in Geyuan County, and carried out an arduous revolutionary struggle here.At this time, Geyuan Town is located in the boundary of Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces.