Research on the Protection and Renewal of Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block from the Perspective of Living Inheritance

. As an important part of the historical and cultural city, with the acceleration of urbanization, the protection of the block will face many challenges, aiming at the problems of breaking the traditional texture of the streets and alleys, the carrier of cultural inheritance has been destroyed, how to achieve the connection between historical inheritance and the development of the times, it is urgent to study the corresponding mode and method. From the perspective of living inheritance, this paper compares the before and after the renovation of Nanchang Wanshougong historical and cultural district through the field research and literature investigation of Nanchang Wanshougong, explores the application of intangible cultural heritage in the renewal and transformation of historical and cultural districts, and puts forward feasible suggestions for the shortcomings of historical and cultural districts after transformation.


Introduction
With the acceleration of urbanization, urban space has gradually shifted from incremental development to stock development.After most cities have experienced the "large-scale demolition and large-scale construction" old city renewal movement, the phenomenon of "fake antique new construction" is not uncommon, one-sided pursuit of commerciality, ignoring regional culture and community livelihood development projects emerge one after another, resulting in the disappearance of regional historical and cultural characteristics and the destruction of the historical style of the block, how to solve the contradiction between historical inheritance and the development of the times, realize the dynamic inheritance and continuation of the culture of the historical district, and activate the historical heritage, as the living cultural heritage of the historical and cultural city.It is important to find a way out of the evolution of the historic district behind the urbanization.
Jiangxi Province, with a protected area of about 3.25 hectares.It is a witness of the historical pattern of Nanchang City.The texture of the neighborhood is relatively well preserved, with a rich historical and cultural heritage, with diversified cultural types such as commercial and trade culture, immigrant culture and market culture.Historical culture gradually disappears in the process of transformation, and the contradiction between historical and cultural relics and urban renewal and development continues to emerge.
There are three problems in renewal of Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block:

The entire form of the historic district is destroyed
Most of the renovation of Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block is mainly based on the pursuit of economic benefits, excessive commercialization and the generalization of the development model, resulting in the overall historical context of the block being cut off, the spatial pattern is fractured and fragmented; the function of the block is chaotic.
The continuous influx of foreign commerce have prompted a large number of foreigners to move in, local residents to move out, the local characteristics of Nanchang City are gradually disappearing.

The function replacement is improper
The renewal of historic district nodes should be combined with the characteristics of local blocks for renewal and protection, and the renovated Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block is being demolished and rebuilt on the original site, and most areas ignore the characteristics of local blocks, such as Qiaobu Street, Hetong Alley, Radish Alley, Qipan Street, Vinegar Alley, Wanshougong Alley, Luoxiang, and Guangrunmen Street Only retaining local architectural characteristics for reconstruction and restoration, lack of integration and sorting out of the historical context, lack of connection between various nodes, resulting in the imbalance of the traditional style of the block, the loss of connection between the blocks, the fragmentation of historical space, the cultural value and connotation are also difficult to appear, which is very unfavorable to the transformation of the historic district.

The cultural heritage is disappearing
The renewal and protection of historic districts involves the continuation of the texture and cultural context of streets and alleys, as well as the restoration and maintenance of the faç ade of historical buildings.After the renovation of the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block, it retained the architectural characteristics of the local neighborhood Gan School, repaired and restored some traditional style buildings, and with excessive commercialization, the introduction of emerging foreign products stimulated the local economic development, resulting in the continuous compression of the original traditional cultural space, the excessive pursuit of economy by residents also led to the gradual oblivion of traditional culture, and the cultural inheritance of the entire block was destroyed.It is also doomed that the renovation of the historic district will not last long.

New concept--living inheritance protection
In view of the problems existing after the renovation of the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block, how to protect the folk culture of the historic district to the greatest extent has become a difficult problem in the transformation of the modern historic district, and the living inheritance protection method retains the cultural content of the block to the greatest extent and achieves the ultimate goal of the protection of the block.
As a living cultural heritage, Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block is an important part of the living cultural heritage, whether it is the occupants, the functional formats, or the structures themselves in the process of use.As a cultural space in itself, the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block is not only a carrier of traditional folk activities, but also carries folk cultural life.The concept of the protection and renewal of living heritage focuses on: Pay attention to the maintenance of the existing historical context.The protection and renewal of living heritage believes that to minimize the impact of modern thought on traditional culture, continue the original historical characteristics and context of the block, strengthen the historical form of the block, and protect and continue the traditional culture of the block.
Emphasize the activation and driving role of the catalyst.
In the inheritance and protection of living heritage, the plots with high renewal potential should first be selected as the catalyst points in the transformation, and then radiate the surrounding areas, drive their development, and form a comprehensive and systematic chain mechanism.Emphasize the vitality activation of catalyst points, attach importance to the significance of inheriting living heritage, take intangible cultural heritage as catalyst elements, form a catalyst network, dynamically inherit, gradually renew, and gradually improve and develop the urban structure.
Highlight the endogenous driving force from the bottom up.
Compared the protection and renewal of historical and cultural heritage mainly based on external intervention, the inheritance of living heritage places more emphasis on the real demands of indigenous peoples, under the complex interests of the market, use the bottom-up main driving force to participate more widely with the public, stimulate residents' awareness of protection and inheritance, and form an independent inheritance and renewal mechanism of living heritage.

Historical research and historical value judgment of remains
Consulting relevant literature, the formation of Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block is inseparable from the development of Nanchang City, and the relationship between the existing historical and cultural relics of the block and the causes of Nanchang City are different, and the existing conditions are different, so the value of protecting the relics are also different.

Cultural values
Wanshougong is a place set up by Jiangxi merchants in a place with convenient transportation and rich products, for the transit, rest and gathering of fellow villagers.Under the group of Jiangyou, a comprehensive wholesale market of goods spontaneously formed around the Wanshougong.In the history of Nanchang for more than 2,000 years,Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block has a very important historical and cultural position, where the ruins of the iron pillar Wanshougong, numerous late Qing Dynast and modern architectural heritages, and the Muslim community center Vinegar Lane Mosque have irreplaceable value for continuing the local cultural traditions of Jiangxi Province and Nanchang City and protecting the historical and cultural heritage of Nanchang Historical and Cultural City [1].

Historical value
Wanshougong is one of the birthplaces of Jiangxi's unique local traditional worship of XunXu, and has gradually formed a large-scale civic activity area centered on Wanshougong over time, including folk activities such as sacrifices, worships, temple fairs, as well as opera, acrobatics, painting and other activities.As the birthplace of traditional worship, it has also witnessed the development and changes of Nanchang from ancient times to the present.Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block is the neighborhood in Nanchang that can best reflect the scene of urban life and the most Jiangnan residential pattern [1] .The formation of the old block of Wanshou Place can be traced back to the Hongdu Xinfu in the Tang Dynasty, which has an important historical position in the history of Nanchang for more than 2,000 years.

Architectural value
In the east of the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block, there is a national key cultural relic protection unit, the former site of the General Headquarters of the Bayi Nanchang Uprising, 29 buildings within the block area have been registered as immovable cultural relics, 18 buildings have been announced as historical buildings in Nanchang City (7 of which are also registered immovable cultural relics), and 46 buildings are traditional style buildings.Today, the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block has a total of 123 buildings, including 118 buildings in the style of the late Qing Dynasty Gan, including 45 historical buildings such as Nanchang General Chamber of Commerce,Chizhitang, Yutai Yanzhuang, and YingLuo 's former residence.

Introduction of cultural heritage and conservation measures
According to the previous analysis of the historical value of the remains of the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block, through the investigation of the overall situation after the renovation of the Wanshougong, excessive commercialization has led to the lack of cultural context, the street has lost its original historical characteristics, and the historical and cultural heritage has not been effectively developed and utilized.Therefore, taking the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage as the starting point, the renovated Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block is studied from the perspective of living inheritance, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage and architectural characteristics is analyzed, as follows:

Intangible cultural heritage
The intangible cultural heritage that is now registered in the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block are Nanchang porcelain prints, XiaoGuilin Nanchang humorous stories, and Nanchang tea-picking operas.

Architectural features
The texture of the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block is relatively well preserved, and many lanes have a long history, which is a typical pattern of streets and alleys in SHS Web of Conferences 152, 02004 (2023) SSCHD2022 https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315202004Jiangnan area.In the entire Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block, the south of Jingyang Road is dominated by Gan pai residences, mixed with other architectural styles of the late Qing Republican period; Jingyang To the north of the road is the neo-Chinese style.The overall building adopts the traditional architectural appearance of Nanchang local folk houses.From the analysis of architectural chronology, the Wanshougong Historic District has more than 50% of the buildings of the late Qing and Republican periods, showing the architectural style of the late Qing and Republican periods in the architectural style of the block.After the renovation, the original architectural style was retained and some of the buildings were repaired.

Promoting the development of existing intangible cultural heritage
Through the investigation of the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block, it is found that over-commercialization has led to scattered connections between various streets, different types of business types of each street, and the introduction of new culture to the outside, resulting in a thin local cultural atmosphere and destruction of cultural context.For the protection of historic districts, it is necessary to strengthen the importance of historical and cultural inheritance, make use of the functions and characteristics of historical and cultural resources of existing historical and cultural districts, strengthen the integration and connection of surrounding streets, and at the same time use the existing intangible cultural heritage for appropriate commercial development, such as relying on the theater platform at the lane and the commercial street of Hetong Lane to protect and develop tea-picking operas and porcelain panel paintings.The souvenir sales street of the theater and Hetong lane are used as a catalyst point to provide an environment for the survival, development and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, and at the same time introduces new business forms, transforms into a folk art museum, and conducts commercial activities during large-scale activities such as temple fairs in Wanshougong to publicize foreign tourists while focusing on building commercial blocks, so as to greatly preserve the history and culture of Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block, continue the neighborhood culture, and realize the organic renewal of cultural dynamic inheritance.

Classified development of characteristic functional areas
According to the current functions and characteristics of historical and cultural resources of the historical and cultural district, strengthen the integration and connection of the surrounding streets, and classify the characteristic functional areas of Qiaobu Street, Radish Alley, Vinegar Alley, Guangrunmen Street, Wanshougong Alley and Qipan Street, create innovative cultural areas, resident cultural areas and Wanshougong areas, combine different nature plots to upgrade, improve the quality of life of surrounding residents, and meet the diversified living needs of the community on the premise , improve the street environment, continue the neighborhood culture.

The overall protection of the architectural style
Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block as a whole is a typical Jiangnan Gan style building, due to the long-term lack of protection concepts, measures and corresponding planning and policies, Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block has been in a passive "protection" state, resulting in a poor overall style of the block, while carrying out SHS Web of Conferences 152, 02004 (2023) SSCHD2022 https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315202004commercial development, the traditional style buildings are slightly transformed, modern architectural elements are introduced for restoration and upgrading, the original architectural style is preserved, and the overall style image of the block is improved.For ancient buildings and immovable cultural relics, after many periods of accumulation of historical relics, witnessing the development and rise and fall of the Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block, they should be strictly protected, and at the same time, the protection scope line is delineated, and construction within the protection line is strictly prohibited.The building maintenance program is strictly implemented in accordance with the relevant policies, and the protection also indirectly enhances the cultural quality of the nearby neighborhood and attracts tourists.

Conclusion
According to the problems existing after the transformation of Wanshougong, in dealing with the contradictions in the development of the times and historical inheritance, according to the historical value of historical relics and the current situation of transformation, distinguish the development of history and culture between different regions, rely on existing culture and resources for transformation, take intangible cultural heritage as the starting point, protect the historical inheritance space, solve the problems of historical context destruction and gradual disappearance of culture in the development of the times, introduce the idea of living inheritance, and carry out updated protection of traditional culture , adopt different ways to continuously protect historical and cultural resources, and achieve the purpose of maximum protection of historic districts.