Research on the implementation of 1+X Certificate System in Vocational Education reform

: Since February 2019, “National Vocational Education Reform implementation program” sounded the 1+X certificate system reform horn. The 1+X certificate system is an innovative design to promote the transformation of the talent training mode in vocational education. It impels the reform of the type development of vocational education, and it is also related to the promotion of the overall quality of talents in the future and the establishment of the economic modernization system in our country. In the view of the fuzzy-conflict theory, this paper reflects the causes of the present situation with the established ought-to-be model of policy implementation, and obtains the causes of the present situation by grasping the overall development direction. At present, the problems of resource passivity, planning backwardness and insufficient function lead to the suspension of reform, and the difficulty of path dependence is difficult to surmount. In order to Kalanchoe pinnata the floating 1+X certificate system, this paper combines the practice patterns and their causes to return to the three dimensions of resources, planning and function, based on the relationship between top-level design and bottom-level promotion, concept remolding and action breakthrough, supply optimization and demand matching, to construct the 1+X certificate system, which is coordinated from top to bottom, internal and external, left and right, to optimize the implementation practice strategy system.


INTRODUCTION
Since 2019, the 1+X certificate system has been a hot topic in the field of vocational education research after the 1+X certificate system was launched as a pilot reform in the implementation plan of the state vocational education reform promulgated by the State Council. Now, the construction blueprint of 1+X certificate system has been drawn, and higher vocational colleges also follow the topdown or bottom-up policy implementation analysis path, and set up a special 1+X certificate system construction team. Although the school in the country's strong call to build a series of 1+X certificate system to match the implementation of the construction program and personnel training program, but in the actual operation process or maintain the traditional curriculum system, teaching mode and evaluation methods, resulting in 1+X certificate system implementation deviation.
Therefore, the 1+X certificate system is defined in this study as supporting the formulation, evaluation, recognition and issuance of "1" and "X" certificates. Promote the organic integration of "1" certificate and "X" certificate to link the world of education and the world of work, diploma education and non-diploma education, school field and industry enterprises, individual learning development and career development, which is composed of informal constraints, formal rules and their implementation mechanism.

DESIGN AND RESEARCH
This thesis follows the logic approach from macro-mesomicro, from theory-practical theory, and conducts a series of research on how to solve the main problem of 1+X certificate system.
(1) Research on the necessary execution Mode of 1+X certificate System. Starting from the analysis of the ambiguity and conflict of the text of 1+X certificate system at the national macro level, the paper determines which kind of it belongs to administrative execution, political execution, experimental execution and symbolic execution, analyzes the key factors affecting the execution mode, and then constructs the execution mode of the required state from the macro, middle and micro levels.
(2) Research on Implementation effect of 1+X certificate system. By interpreting the text of the 1+X certificate system to clarify the policy objectives, and constructing the evaluation indicators of the implementation progress and effectiveness of the 1+X certificate system according to the policy objectives and the school's implementation perception, the questionnaire interview outline is formed to investigate the implementation effect of the 1+X certificate system in the field of practice.
(3) Research on the action logic of the executive body of 1+X certificate system. For the provincial government, which is the subject of implementation at the middle level, it mainly judges its action logic through the relevant policy texts issued by it. For the school, which is the subject of implementation at the micro level, it deeps into the practical field to understand the reform status quo, dilemma and causes of the implementation of 1+X certificate system in the aspects of teaching reform and management system.
(4) Research on Adjustment Strategy of 1+X certificate system executive body. Combined with the appropriate policy implementation mode, review. And reflect on the middle level government and micro school existing 1+X certificate system of the action logic, on this basis to put forward the effective implementation of 1+X certificate system countermeasures.

Analysis and research of 1+X system
Content analysis, the aim is to reveal the hidden information in the policy text, and finally to see through the characteristics of the policy text through the corpus data, by making objective and systematic Quantitative analysis of the 1+X certification scheme policies, such as the use of counting and recording procedures, and quantitative description of the content of literal symbols in the text.
The specific steps of the analysis are as follows. Firstly, the text of 1+X certificate system is selected as the sample of content analysis. Then, the policy tools, policy objectives and policy subjects in the 1+X certification system text are coded to define the analysis unit. In the meantime, based on the main line of 1+X certificate system, this paper analyzes the content of special policies at the national level by sentence, adopts browse-coding method, and through layer-by-layer induction, looks for the internal correlation and logical relationship of nodes from the context it presents, and forms the model of provincial-level policy reference text. Finally, the policy text has been coded for the content of the elements of the frequency statistics and analysis, in order to get the 1+X certificate system of fuzziness.

The fuzzy recognition of 1+X certificate system
The premise of 1+X certificate system execution mode is the fuzziness and conflict. Therefore, firstly, the fuzzy degree of policy is analyzed from the three dimensions of policy instruments, policy subjects and policy objectives, and the conflict level of policy is analyzed from the three dimensions of policy diffusion, policy evolution and policy interests. Then, according to the analysis results, based on the fuzzy-conflict theory, the paper determines which policy implementation mode 1+X certificate system belongs to, and explores the key factors affecting the policy implementation. Based on the key factors, the paper Outlines the appropriate mode of 1+X certificate system.
(1) In the supply-oriented policy tools, the amount of research funding, teacher training, information infrastructure construction and policy preference are 13,9,5,2 respectively, the proportion of supply-oriented policy tools was 48.83%, 31.03%, 17.24% and 6.90%, respectively.
(2) The number of environmental policy tools that are subject to research goal planning, management oversight, responsibility deployment, and resource coordination are 4,40,32, and 6, respectively, the proportion of environmental policy instruments was 4.88%, 48.78%, 39.02% and 8.33% respectively. Thus, about half of the environmental policies in the 1+X certification system are in the category of management supervision, it reflects that the national government departments and provinces (cities and districts) pay more attention to the process supervision of 1+X certification system.
(3) In the demand-based policy tools, the study found that the number of government purchase and assessment of the number of protection were 1,10, in order in the demand-based policy tools accounted for 16.67%, 83.33%. On the one hand, the government buys directly for schools and students, through the purchase of 1+X certificate system assessment services, attracting professional social organizations to participate in the construction of 1+X certificate system, so as to continuously enhance the level of professional skill level certificate assessment services.

Conflict identification of 1+X certificate system
The 1+X certificate system spreads fast and strongly, and continues the traditional central and local transmission mode. The variation of the policy text is small, and the policy text strictly follows the guiding ideology of the central policy-making body. On this basis, some regions make flexible adjustments. Each policy subject can obtain the growth point of interest in the 1+X certificate system, and the values of some subjects converge. However, the ensuing question, such as whether the absence of conflicts means that the 1+X certificate system can be effectively enforced, is clearly not. First of all, the high intensity and speed of the diffusion of 1+X certificate system, as well as the high similarity of policy evolvement, reflect the administrative characteristics of local governments, which failed to adjust policies to local conditions. In addition, although through the analysis of the text of 1+X certificate system, it is found that there is no obvious conflict of interest among various policy subjects, in the complex practice field, faced with changing situations, and the high ambiguity of 1+X certificate system itself, it is easy to generate action benefits among various executive subjects. Conflict of interest and structural conflict of interest. Therefore, it is necessary to design the appropriate mode of execution according to the characteristics of 1+X certificate system.

Resources are allocated on demand
The resource demand investigation and the construction channel solves the resource supply question, namely wants what and how to give. Resource efficiency focuses on how to use it. As far as the allocative efficiency is concerned, first, we should strengthen the fund management of 1+X certificate system. Scientific quantification of project expenditure, emphasizing the rigidity of budget, and strict management of personnel funds. Second, develop a scientific equipment acquisition plan. According to the requirement of 1+X certificate system training and examination, the present situation of equipment in school and Shared Resource Bank, and the basic scheme of equipment configuration of 1+X certificate system training and examination practice, the necessary equipment is supplemented by a cooperative enterprise or school. Third, formulate and improve the 1+X certificate system, implement the relevant equipment management and application system, inventory and Disposal Approval System, Performance Assessment and statistical reports.

Optimize the quality according to local conditions
Theoretically, due to the ambiguity of the 1+X certificate system's objectives, tools and subjects, the policy implementation situation is unclear and uncertain. In this case, the implementation of the 1+X certificate system needs to give local policies flexibility, that is, give local governments a certain autonomy to promote local measures to ensure the effect of policy implementation. However, in the practical situation, it is easy to have the disordered and loose policy implementation caused by the mismatch between policy flexibility and policy implementation ability, which will eventually lead to the implementation of 1+X certificate system, the implementation goal and implementation action run counter to each other, or even the alienation of the situation. Therefore, it is necessary to tighten the elasticity of policy appropriately, and ensure the trend of implementation by constraining local areas through the rigidity of scientific and reasonable policy performance indicators.

Innovative structures shape the environment
The micro action structure of the execution of 1+X certificate system is the strengthening of the responsibility consciousness which promotes the initiation of the action ability of the end executive. We will create a feedback space for the reform of the democratic and harmonious 1+X certificate system. Establish an information platform for principals, middle-level cadres and professional teachers to communicate on an equal footing, facilitate all subjects to put forward suggestions on the reform of 1+X certificate system in time, and achieve a virtuous circle atmosphere of internalized policy implementation, evaluation, feedback and adjustment. In addition, it is necessary to create a space environment filled with the culture of change. Teachers and administrators with great contributions will be awarded corresponding titles and set as examples, which will be spread on the school's official website or wechat official account. With the theme of cultural change, various activities such as curriculum reform and teaching skills competitions have been carried out.

SUMMARY
In this paper, the policy subject is also included in the measurement dimension of policy text fuzziness, and a three-dimensional analysis framework of policy text fuzziness is constructed. To enhance the Operability of analysis on the structural relationships and elements of the policy texts involved in policy networks, a policy conflict analysis framework is established for policy diffusion, policy evolution and policy interests. Based on the 1+X certificate system attribute analysis system should follow the pattern, the present situation and the countermeasure, the combination of the macro-paradigm and the microparadigm, has broken through the previous 1+X certificate system research limitation, has widened the research domain. The framework of fuzzy-conflict analysis, the 1+X certification system should be implemented and the implementation of the optimization strategy can be used for reference.