Factors that influence the health of mathematicians, physicists, and chemists:Data obtained from China

: Given the practical implications of looking into the health of scholars, it is of great priority to figure out the factors that are generally agreed to be the contributors to sustained health, to which end, this paper sets out to collect the mainstream insight into all possible influencing factors. Three research scheme are proposed in this paper under which basic personal information are collected first from 520 scholars in mathematics, physics, and chemistry for an analysis of their longevity performance via a comparison with common values under the demographic perspective to derive the raw longevity information of the scholars.Also,the ways they manage to maintain health are ascertained, on the basis of which the reasons for their sustained health are provided.


Literature Review
This section will first address the commonly agreed factors contributing to a long and healthy life.Factors that maintain a long and healthy life are widely agreed upon.Qiufen Sun et al. (2022) justified five factors for maintaining longevity through 451,233 valid samples, namely, non-smoking, no excessive alcohol consumption, physical exercise, healthy eating habits, and a BMI between 18.5 and 27.9 kg/m2.[1] Cui Degang et al. (2021), selected 34 out of 2292 Chinese and English literature to analyze the rehabilitation effects and recovery impact of subjects in each literature using physical activity as the study object, and concluded that physical health was one of the five beneficiaries of doing physical exercise.[2] Magdalena Zadworna (2021) summarized four factors associated with healthy aging, (1) access to undertakings that people value, (2) solid physical and mental capacity, (3) surrounding factors; and (4) happiness, security, and contentment, and concluded that the most important health-related factor in this regard appears to be personal economic status.[3] Then it comes to region-specific factors for health and longevity.Wang Wuyi et al. (2015) suggested that the distribution of elderly longevity is closely related to the natural and cultural surroundings, with the occurrence of centenarians predominating in the south, the delta, low and medium hills with impact and flood plains, and areas with few or no epidemics.[4] Michael Y Ni et al. (2021) attributed one of the reasons for a high lifespan of SAR in Hong Kong to the well-developed transportation system due to the high population density there.[5] Diddahally Govindaraju et al.(2015) concluded that the longevity of centenarians is "abnormal health and longevity" in terms of both genetics and lifestyle, and that longevity is under the influence of potential, measurable or congenital, and genetic factors .[6] Tomás Vega et al. (2022) also referred to the study of abnormal longevity, which was categorized by age, place of birth, place of residence, marital status, presence of caregivers, Basel index and presence of cognitive impairment in individuals with longevity.[7] Svetlana Ukraintseva et al. (2021) defined two properties characterizing health: (1) robustness, the nature of resistance to disease to avoid deviation from normal physiological state, to protect oneself and to avoid damages on the body, and (2) resilience, the ability to recover after deviation from normal physiological state.[8] To summarize, the existing literature has been well researched and specific on the commonly agreed factors for health, but there is still a scarcity of research into of health and longevity of scientific workers mainly engaged in mathematics, physics, and chemistry and the comparison of life span of the above three types of scholars.As a result, this paper takes into account both the life span of mathematicians and the reasons for their generally health and long life span.According to the above results, where the normality test p-values are less than 0.05, indicating that the lifespan of scholars in all three disciplines does not obey a normal distribution, so the hypothesis test adopted in this paper should be non-parametric.

Non-parametric tests that do not presuppose a normal distribution of the data
In this paper, the median of independent samples test and Kruskal-Wallis test are used to test whether there is a significant difference in median lifespan among all the 501mathematicians, physicists and chemists, and the overall median is 84.Is there a significant difference between the median lifespan of scholars of the three disciplines (i.e., mathematicians, physicists, and chemists) and the median lifespan of the nation as a whole?In this paper, a total of 501 scholars from the three disciplines and a total of 10,001 ordinary people from the public are selected for hypothesis testing of median lifespan (Mann-Whitney test is required because neither sample group meets normal distribution).The p-values for both tests are less than 0.001,indicating that there is a significant difference between the median lifespan of scholars of the three disciplines and the nation as a whole.The p-values for both tests are less than 0.01, indicating that the median lifespan of scholars of the three disciplines (excluding academicians) is also significantly different from that of the nation as a whole.This result suggests that, even discounting academicians, scholars of the three disciplines also live longer than the national population as a whole.

Questionnaire analysis
The questionnaire "Health Survey for the general public based on mathematicians, physicists and chemists" received a total of 210 valid responses from 27 provinces and autonomous regions, with 20 items divided into 4 sections, namely the Social Contribution and Health Scale for Mathematicians, Physicists and Chemists and the "Health Factor Scale" based on the respondents themselves.",which is distributed in the form of a 5-point Likert scale.All three categories of scholars score more than 4.2 on a five-point scale, which shows the public's concern for the health of all the three kinds of scholars and their expectation for the future development of basic science, with 4.28 points for mathematicians, 4.27 points for physicists, and 4.25 points for chemists.The analysis of this questionnaire was conducted using SPSSPRO (2021).The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.869 > 0.800, and the half-measure reliability was 0.798 and 0.732 respectively, indicating a good overall reliability of the questionnaire.[10]

Conclusion
This paper highlights the current literature on factors of health and longevity and divides them into four categories: commonly agreed factors contributing to health and longevity, region-specific factors for health and longevity, education-relate contributors to health and longevity, and attitude-related contributors to health and longevity.Information from scholars in mathematics, physics and chemistry is compiled for data analysis, yielding a higher than average lifespan for all three kinds of scholars, while there finds no significant difference in lifespan between the three kinds of scholars.It is revealed by the interview results that more brain activities and more reflections is an important reason for mathematicians to achieve longevity, more exercise and healthy diet are the factors commonly agreed by professors as contributors to health, while willingness to study and read along with playing less mobile games are the requirements of professors for students to become healthy learners.The analysis of the questionnaire shows that the public is concerned about the health of all the three kinds of scholars in the hope that they can live a longer and healthy life to make more contributions to the development of basic science.

Table 1 .
Since both parametric tests, t-tests and ANOVA, have to meet the premise of normal distribution, the normality tests are performed on the life spans of 177 mathematicians, 153 physicists, and 190 chemists by using Spss26.0.[9]SHS Web of Conferences 163, 04027 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316304027ICSSED 2023 Table of normality test results for scholar

Table 2 .
Median Lifespan Hypothesis Test for scholars of three disciplines investigated.
Note：The null hypothesis is lifespan median of scholars is identical for all three disciplines.Significance level is 0.01.

Table 3 .
Median lifespan hypothesis test for scholars and the nation as a whole.
a.Yates continuum correction.Note：Null hypothesis is the lifespan median of scholars is identical to that of the nation as a whole .Significance level is 0.01.

Table 4 .
Median life hypothesis test for Non-academician scholars and the nation as a whole Note: Null hypothesis is the lifespan median of Non-academician scholars is identical to that of the nation as a whole .Significance level is 0.01.

Table 5 .
Table of the total life span of scholars in the three disciplines