The problem of forming the legal consciousness of the individual in modern society

. The article explores the problem of formation of legal consciousness of the individual within the framework of current global changes of socio-economic and political nature, the role of legal consciousness in the process of legal socialization. The phenomenon of legal consciousness is considered as the ratio of subjective feelings and representations of an individual, social groups, and society to the formed system of law, the ratio of existing rules of interaction in society in legal and desired relations. At the present stage of development, legal consciousness is a single, complex and multi-structured system that determines and regulates the skills of legal behavior. Legal consciousness is the core criterion for the formation and functioning of a legitimate civilized state. The article deals with the importance of individual personal traits, characteristics of subjective representations and attitudes to the law, legislation, ideology in the process of formation of individual legal consciousness.


Introduction
The legal consciousness of citizens is a necessary condition for the building and functioning of a state governed by the rule of law.The relevance of the phenomenon of legal consciousness is determined by the need to form a high level of legal consciousness of young people in modern conditions of transformation of social reality, unstable system of human values and the growing flow of information.The study of this problem can be traced to its origin in the formation of a legal society.At the present stage, the level of legal consciousness attracts the attention of scholars and specialists in sociology, political science, and psychology.The psychological and legal aspect considers the legal consciousness as a set of knowledge, skills, system of value beliefs and emotional and sensitive attitude to the legal reality, which regulates the activity and behavior of the subject in the field of legal relations.The formation of the legal consciousness of the individual is conditioned by external and internal factors and is the foundation of global social and political changes.
A systematic study of legal consciousness emerged in the United States in the early 20th century, reflected in practice in the study of crime severity, begun by L. Thurstone (Thurstone, 1927).Currently, a wide range of issues relating to the process of legal socialization and interiorization, the presence and role of intercultural differences in the legal consciousness, the organization of work in the penitentiary system belong to the field of legal consciousness.The importance of studying legal consciousness is due to its influence on the behavior of people both within legal institutions, such as courts, and in the daily interaction [1].Legal consciousness is a single system with a complex structure and mechanism of functioning, the elements of which perform a variety of roles in the process of regulating the law, taking into account the relationship of individual parts and elements.Developed legal consciousness is the basis of law in modern civilized society, the foundation of the formation and functioning of the legal state.

Materials and Methods
The problem of legal consciousness has been studied by the domestic scientists: G.F. A. Ilyin in his works considered legal consciousness from the viewpoint of human knowledge and recognition of the very fact of the "existence" of positive law and subject-object "relatedness" to it.The author emphasizes the individual comprehension of the right itself, its singularity, certainty, and statism in relation to individual desires.The individual must recognize the priority of the public interest of law and the impossibility of change by personal arbitrariness and chaotic request.One of the leading criteria for the functioning of law is knowledge and separation of the concepts of "can", "must" and "cannot," which together form a legal status with clearly marked boundaries "...so a person can feel the limits of his legal 'status' with the confidence that they can be changed by law, but not against the law and not in the avoidance of it."[2].G. F. Trubetskoy gives primary importance to the clear allocation of everyone's duties and their strict observance, believing that this is the organization of relations that will allow them to be in the status of the legal."In whatever sense we use the word 'right,' we always mean something that should not be infringed, that should not be violated; with this word in our minds, we always associate this or that command, the ordering of some positive action or avoidance of them.Every right corresponds to someone's obligation, a demand made on a person or persons" [3].Legal consciousness includes cognitive, emotional and volitional components, providing cognitive, evaluative and regulatory functions of legal consciousness.As part of the proposed gradation of the structural elements of legal consciousness, Tikhomirov Yu. A. distinguishes legal ideology, reflecting the cognitive component, and legal psychology, performing an emotional function [4].Thus, legal consciousness is a set of beliefs and feelings of the individual and society, as a whole, in relation to the existing law-making and law-executive projects, assessment of the ratio of the existing and desired norms of law.The level of formation of legal consciousness is determined by patterns of legal behavior, which work at the initial stages of socialization of a person in the mode of conscious competence, at the stage of maturity from the position of legal literacy -in the mode of unconscious competence, passing into the rank of legal habits.Legal consciousness is a part, a sphere of consciousness in the system of the structure of the personality.When stating volitional behavior, it is impossible for a person not to have legal consciousness because of the awareness of the existence of oneself in the context of social relations, the existence of other people.
Legal consciousness is a type of social consciousness, has a historical character and is defined by the level of society development.The consciousness of people includes centuries-old moral attitudes of society, ideas about justice, good and evil, the priority of the interests of society on the basis of collectivism and mutual assistance [2].The formation of public legal consciousness is based on the perceptions and attitudes to law, legislation, state ideology of each person, that is, on the individual level of awareness.Individual legal consciousness is commonly defined as a system of knowledge, assessments, and perceptions of the legal order of a particular society, as well as attitudes of lawenforcement behavior, and the integration into their inner world.In addition to the existing normative interpretation, legal scholars and practitioners are trying to expand the boundaries of the social action of law.Thus, to the basic definition of law -the norm, it is proposed to include legal relations and their characteristics and factors of formation.It is necessary, as a part of compliance with legal norms, to investigate the socio-psychological aspects of the legal consciousness phenomenon [4].The psychophysiological condition of the individual is reflected in the legislation, as the mental health condition directly affects the awareness and ability to comply with the rules of law, determines the share and role of volitional behavior of the individual in the relationship with others [5].Legal consciousness is not only the source of the attitude of the individual and society to the existing laws, rights, and obligations, but also it enables successful socialization in society, as well as actively adapting to changing conditions.
The formation of individual legal consciousness begins in the early childhood, when the foundations of self-consciousness are formed in the family, which are confirmed, refuted, changing in the process of living their own experiences in different social groups, forming an attitude toward the law.The adolescent period is characterized as one of the most important and difficult periods in life, particularly with regard to the formation of legal consciousness.At this stage, a teenager begins to try on the roles of not only adults, but also peers.A teenager's system of values is in the process of formation, raising many questions about himself or herself and the reality around him or her.The discrepancy between internal attitudes and external transmissions, and the low level of awareness cause intrapersonal conflicts, aggression and destructive forms of behavior.The high degree of suggestibility in adolescence is explained by an incompletely formed system of beliefs and attitudes.Critical thinking of the adolescent in the developmental stage allows the mechanism of introjection to engage, the involvement of legal ideology and the culture of peers a priori, promoting a negative attitude toward the law.There is a deformation of legal consciousness of the person at an adolescent stage of ontogenesis.The study of individual differences is the most important task of psychology, since the stock of knowledge, skills and abilities, forming an internal system of views and beliefs, determines the strategy of behavior of the individual in relation to themselves, society, the world in general.The scientific description of individual differences is based on I.N.Pavlov's doctrine about the types (complex of basic properties) of the nervous system, where the combination of inertness, counterbalance, and strength determine the quality, responsiveness, and behavioral form [6].The adolescent age is characterized by heightened excitability and anxiety, with a low threshold of the anxiety reaction itself.Anxiety in the body is implemented through stimulation of the cardiovascular system and inhibition of the digestive system.Psychologically, the individual experiences a sense of uncertainty, a certain degree of helplessness and fear of future events, which induces an increase in tension The anxiety theory has been studied by overseas scientists -S.Freud, F. Perls, K. Izard, N. McWilliams, K. Horney; by domestic scientists -L.С. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, A.R. Luria, A. G. Asmolov, A. V. Perovsky and by other scholars and practitioners.S. Freud emphasizes the protective function of anxiety [7], F. Perls -to its manifestation in the context of time [8], A.A. Perovsky continues emphasizing it and points to the conditional factors of its formation.In the existential psychological concept, ontological anxiety (fear of being, a threat to the existence of a stable system of values) is seen as a complex phenomenon with the basic criterion for the formation of the anxiety state -a low level or lack of certainty of the external environment, the absence of a specific object of the supposed threat, disrupting the ability to perceive oneself in relation to something: distinguishing between the subjective and the objective, threatening the mere existence of the Self.The brain works in a mode of increased activity (the activity of the limbic system increases), negatively affecting the efficiency and completeness of functioning.Restoration of the resource state is possible through the use of determination of neurobiological and psychological processes.Thus, the anxiety state develops under the influence of external and internal factors taken together, affecting the psycho-physiological state and all the individual's activities.The system of human safety is built on the ability to perceive oneself through relations with external objects, depends on the quality of satisfaction of the need for safety in all spheres of life.The problem of the anxiety effect on the success of educational activities, the role of the overall psychological condition of the student, the timeliness of diagnosis and correction is relevant.It is important to reveal possible mutual influence of anxiety level and student's legal consciousness [9].The leading activity in adolescence -educational, in the process of which it is necessary to productively use the conditions and resources for the formation of legal consciousness of the future specialist, including the patriotic education of students [10].

Results and Discussion
The purpose of our study is to identify possible connections between the indicators of the level of legal consciousness and the emotional state (level of anxiety) of the respondents.
The study was conducted in the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Adm.F.F. Ushakov State Maritime University; the participants were 32 students of the Faculty of Law.The study of the development level of legal consciousness was implemented by the methodology of the study of legal consciousness by L. A. Yasyukova, which is a tool to assess the formation of the legal self-consciousness of the individual, the willingness to act within the legal norms in interpersonal relations, including professional activities [11].
The results of the study among the first-year students were as follows: the low level of legal consciousness (legal nihilism) was detected in 2 respondents out of 32, which is 6%; the average level (legal consciousness is formed incompletely) in 19 respondents (60%); the good level (legal consciousness mainly formed) showed 11 people -34%; the high level, indicating the complete formation of legal consciousness was not detected.In general, the average and good levels of formation of legal consciousness are present in 94% of students, which confirms the high level of awareness in the choice of the profession of a lawyer.includes one or more leading tendencies getting through the different levels of personality development -from the innate properties of the temperament, through the character, which is formed in the interaction of temperament with the social environment -to a mature personality, in which the integration is carried out by the integrated "I" (self-awareness, self-esteem, self-control).

Conclusion
The study of the respondents enables to suggest that the level of anxiety affects the process of formation of legal consciousness in adolescence.These hypotheses have scientific interest and require further detailed investigation.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Diagram of level of legal consciousness.Study of personality traits by the method of L. Н. Sobchik "Individual Psychological Questionnaire."The methodology is based on the one developed by L. Н. Sobchik -the theory of leading tendencies that determine forms of emotional reactions and patterns of behavior in different situations.The congenital personality traits are transformed into stable character traits through personal social experience.The indicators enable the determination of normality, accentuation and disadaptation.The basis of the personality factor Trubetskoy, K.N.Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein, I.A. Ilyin, P.K. Anokhin, K.K.

Table 1 .
Level of legal consciousness.

Table 3 .
Ratio of indicators.