Heterogeneous isomorphism -Spatial Gene Transcreation Design for Traditional Villages in Hunan

. This study analyzes the spatial genes of traditional villages by taking Zhang Guying village in northern Hunan Province as an example.Starting from the theory of heterogeneous isomorphism, we discover the methods and paths of identifying, presenting and translating the spatial genes of traditional villages in Hunan region.Through the gene identification extraction method, it analyzes the spatial and cultural genes of Zhang Guying village and obtains the genetic elements and composition of the traditional villages.Based on the design model of gene translation, the "Duanwu family" is systematically analyzed, and it can build a traditional village regeneration and development system.In view of this, his research relies on the application of "heterogeneous isomorphism" theory, which can be obtained from the gene translation method, isomorphic design model.It can promote the regenerative continuation of traditional villages and low-carbon ecological development.


INTRODUCTION
Traditional villages are profound historical, humanistic, artistic and social values that have been preserved over a long period of time, and still have their spatial form, livelihood and production intact.Since 2012, more than 10,000 villages have received attention and policy support in the six batches of traditional Chinese villages that have been published to date.
Originally from the Greek, "gene" is the unit of DNA sequence that controls heredity in biology.Based on the genetic properties of genes, sociologists have explored the ways in which culture is passed on in conjunction with the laws of genetic change.In 1950, the American scholars Alfred L. Kroeber and Clyde Klukhohn proposed the theoretical idea of "cultural genes", which is subdivided into cultural units that are similar to genes and can be passed on in an iterative manner.Based on this, this paper examines the identification of traditional village genes and their regeneration and translation from the "heterogeneous isomorphism" theory of Gestalt psychology.

2.HETEROGENEOUS ISOMORPHISM CONCEPT
As one of the core theories of Gestalt psychology, "heterogeneous isomorphism" is a theory that studies the perception of people and their external environment.The perception includes not only the "representation" reflected in the appearance of the form, but also the deeper "meaning" of the thing [1] .The new combination of the elements of a thing produces a whole that has the essential characteristics of the original parts and gives a new meaning to the thing, called 'heterogeneous isomorphism'.The interaction between"individual-behavior-environment"can produce "force", and the place force has convergence and completeness, and this process can be regarded as "isomorphism".The heterogeneous isomorphism theory uses the path of "identification-extraction-processing" to build a linkage between human psychology, emotional memory and cultural environment, enabling people to perceive the deeper "meaning" in the genetic characteristics of the village.

Research villages
Zhang Guying Village is located in the eastern part of Yueyang City, Hunan Province, named after its founder "Zhang Guying" , and has a history of development of about six hundred years ago.A large number of buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties remain inside the village, and the total construction area can reach 50,000 square meters.Among them, the three buildings of "Dangda"gate, "Wangjia"and "Shangxin" houses , which are cleverly laid out, are called the "Folk Palace" by the outside world.In addition, Zhang Guying Village has a rich history and culture and has been selected as one of the first "Famous Chinese Historical and Cultural Villages" and "List of Traditional Chinese Villages" .Thus, this paper selects Zhang Guying village as the research object to study the spatial genes of traditional villages in Hunan.

The "heterogeneous" phenomenon of traditional villages
With the tourism development of Zhang Guying Village, the spatial form within the village has experienced expansion and spreading. The original traditional village space has undergone a characteristic evolution in terms of spatial form and logical relationships.The "heterogeneous" phenomenon is mainly reflected in the following four aspects:(1) the architectural style, which lacks the identification of genetic elements. The existing buildings are difficult to renew and their functions are seriously differentiated, and it is difficult to control new buildings. (2) In terms of habitat, the internal environment of village dwellings is poor and lacks adaptive upgrading.(3) In terms of spatial form, the surrounding commercial development is disorderly, and the village space lacks protection and development paths, resulting in the destruction of the original form.(4) In terms of natural ecology, environmental problems are highlighted and there is a lack of adaptive ecological development.it explores the re-living path of Hunan traditional villages from the theory of heterogeneity and homogeneity, which can promote the recombination of traditional village genes and build a development path of "cultural continuity, ecological friendliness, spatial suitability and economic sustainability" , Figure 1.

The "isomorphic" connotation of traditional villages
The traditional village connotation is reflected in the continuation of simple family customs, unique customs and behaviour, and its main carrier is the village pattern, architectural style and spatial form [2] .The innovative whole is highlighted by the heterogeneous homogeneity focusing on the combination of elements, which can be explored in depth for their traditional village spatial genetic elements.In the writings of the Finnish architect Juhani Pallasmaa, it is stated that "In an impressive architectural experience, space, time and matter together constitute the sensory dimension, which integrates penetrating consciousness into the physical place [3] . "It is clear that the human sensory dimension will play a key role in the identification and continuation of traditional village genes.

4.1Systematic classification of genes
Genes have multiple manifestations of spatial carriers and cultural connotations, and are an important means of systematically identifying elements of traditional villages [4] .In view of this, research was carried out to obtain elemental unit genes for the natural ecology, street texture, historical architecture and folk culture of Zhang Guying village.A systematic classification of traditional village genes, which can be divided by the village as a whole into two subsystems: spatial texture and material spirit.From the point of view of the genetic regeneration of traditional villages, "heterogeneous homogeneity" can be seen as a process of "multiple and complex group evolution" and "individual combination of the system as a whole".As a result, through the systematic classification of the genetic elements of traditional villages, it can be used to optimize village conservation and regeneration strategies , Table 1.

Elemental analysis of spatial genes
The "spatial gene" is the information base for storing and recording the spatial characteristics of traditional villages, which includes different types of genetic elements such as regional morphology, village texture, building clusters and building monoliths [5].As a result, spatial genes can be identified in four parts, which are analyzed in detail below , Figure 2. (1) In terms of geographical form, the villages are mainly "surrounded by mountains and water, with farming in the front and houses in the back".(2) In terms of the village texture, the main streets and lanes are on the outside, while internal corridors connect the houses, forming a clear spatial axis of "main-secondary -branch" .(3)In terms of architectural clusters, the interior of the village is dominated by Ming and Qing dynasty buildings, while most of the other dwellings are built around the "dragon-shaped"mountain.(4)In architectural monoliths, spatial genes reflect a complex logic through the resolution of cognitive structures and diagrammatic language [6].In the"Dangda" gate building group, the primary and secondary spaces are logically related, and the courtyard and patio are the core, which can be regarded as the "single gene" , Figure 3.In addition, the two sides of the main axis are connected by corridors, and the Chinese character "Feng" spreads to both sides in order to form the community genes.

The multiple dimensions of cultural genes
The semiotician Lotman, who studied both "space" and "time", found that most memories arise from culture while they can acquire a collective memory presence [7] .In this way, the genetic dimension of village culture is explored in accordance with the theory of " heterogeneous isomorphism ".(1) The dimension of value beliefs, which consists of traditional concepts and graphic language selected and passed down through history.
(2)The dimension of construction law, which is reflected in the spatial creation of regional dwellings, public spaces and streets within the village. (3) The dimension of the patriarchal system, which is a manifestation of the concentration of power and the hierarchy of ritual and law, and the strict hierarchical order became an internal factor in the spatial development of Zhang Guying village [8] .Therefore, a focus on the "cultural genetic" dimension will enable the continuation of rural culture while highlighting the logic of regeneration of traditional village spaces.

Project Overview
The "Duanwu Family" rural resettlement housing project is located in the northern part of Miluo City, Hunan Province, with a construction area of approximately 40,000 square meters.The overall area involves six surrounding villages, with nearly four hundred rural families demolished and relocated there, with a good community atmosphere and neighborly relations.The new form and style of the village settlement with its depth of connotation has been created as a new impetus for the development of the countryside.In view of this, the case study of the "Duanwu family" can highlight the advantages and value of genetic transcription of traditional villages.

Genetic trait identification
According to the Gestalt psychologist Kurt Koffka, simple combinations do not represent the totality of things, but rather the combined whole, with its connectedness, is the perfectly unified structure [9] .Here, the village of Zhang Guying has unique genetic qualities and abundant cultural resources that have created a hereditary spatial order and cultural identity.In terms of the identification of genetic elements, by subdividing and extracting the genetic traits of traditional villages, two major genetic bodies were obtained and core elements were extracted , Table 2.Its gene subjects can be divided into Characteristic and Introverted genes. Architectural layout of the hierarchical order, courtyard relationship, which reflects the order of respect, filial respect for ancestors and other rituals.

Space rituals Hierarchical
Relations Construction Systems

Gene element isomorphism
Most of the villages in northern Hunan have similar contradictions in development, with problems such as "hollowing out" and poor living environment. The "Duanwu Family" serves the villagers relocated from the surrounding villages, and is designed to restore the local "flavor" and revitalize the spatial vitality of the villages.Based on the identification of genetic traits, the common elements are reorganized, reshaped, and the attributes are continued, in order to highlight the "meaningful" parts of traditional villages.(1) In terms of public life, we create iconic public places in the form of towers to satisfy the collective life of individual villagers and to revive the original memory of the village. (2) In terms of habitat, the two-story or partial three-story approach is used to satisfy the basic needs of regional residences with good spatial comfort. (3) In terms of the natural environment, the spatial form of "by the mountain with the water" is adopted, and it is built near the "Golden Hook" reservoir and facing the "upside-down Golden Hook" hill, which satisfies the basic elements of ecological genetic isomorphism.

Native gene translocation
The genes of the vernacular have the capacity for heredity, evolution, mutation and selective elimination, so the cultural and spatial elements preserved in traditional villages today are of high value and significance.Therefore, the design of spatial gene translation should be the process of "identificationextraction-presentation",and regeneration has become the core carrier of spatial construction nowadays.The "Duanwu Family" project uses Zhang Guying Village as the source of gene extraction, and its gene translation and presentation can be divided into the following three aspects. (1) In the continuation of vernacular culture, the creation of space inside the village satisfies the way villagers behave and gives the village a spatial carrier for cultural activities and cultural transmission [10] . (2) In terms of spatial form, the spatial plan is developed by the series of "patio" and the progression of the Chinese character "Feng", which presents the genetic characteristics of the traditional village of "top merging and bottom dividing, multiple rows moving together",Figure4. (3) In terms of cultural rituals, six building forms have been designed through a layered presentation of "spatial classification -cultural continuity-formal evolution".Through spatial progression, combination and comparison, its multiple categories of monoliths are arranged in a staggered and orderly manner, creating a sense of enclosure in the space of the settlement,Figure5.The final design of the genetic translation of the "reinvention"will promote the regeneration of the countryside and the transmission and continuation of local culture.

CONCLUSION
In the face of the current problems of natural ecology, habitat, cultural discontinuity and "hollowing out" of traditional villages, it is urgent to explore adaptive regeneration mechanisms.Therefore, this paper uses the heterogeneous isomorphism theory to analyze and research the gene translation of the "Duanwu Family" rural construction project using Zhang Guying village as a case study of gene identification and excavation, and its conclusions are summarized as follows.
(1)Based on heterogeneous isomorphism theory, this research analyzes the spatial and cultural genes of Zhang Guying village to obtain the genetic elements and dimensions of traditional villages in Hunan.From the "individual -behaviour -environment" perception model,the"Recognition -extraction -category" gene translation process was discovered, which provides the basis and conclusion for the regeneration of traditional villages and gene translation.
(2)The analysis of the spatial and cultural genetics of Zhang Guying village has led to a geographically adapted approach to transcreation design.One is to obtain the genetic logic of traditional villages based on the identification of characterizing and introverted genes, combined with genetic characteristics and spatial regeneration.The second is the focus on the 'heterogeneous' elements of traditional villages, combining local natural ecology, local culture, habitat and public activities. It can build up a design path of "extraction and identification -translation and homogeneity" to meet the ecological, cultural and livability needs of different people.