A Study of the History of Hakka Mountain Song Education Transmission Based on Inheritance Historicity

. Among the folk music of China, the Hakka Mountain Folk Songs of Gannan are a unique system with a long history. Understanding the rich humanistic connotation of Hakka and its place in the spiritual life of the people is of far-reaching significance to the study of Hakka culture, Hakka language and the spiritual sentiment of Hakka people in Ganzhou; and to arouse people's awareness of the inheritance and protection of this precious cultural heritage which is on the verge of extinction. The distinctive local characteristics and folk features are fully expressed in the Hakka Mountain Folk Songs, and the local language and customs, local customs, artistic conditions ， and political and cultural life are reflected in the Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in a very realistic way. In recent years, the academic community has paid more attention to the musical characteristics of the Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan, and the research has gained certain achievements. This paper will focus on the historical origin of Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan, the spiritual characteristics of Hakka people, the language of Hakka Mountain Folk Songs, the study of the musical characteristics of mountain songs and contemporary vocal works that successfully borrow from Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan. In the last part of the article, he writes some opinions about the inheritance and innovation of Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs, which will help the creators to create more and better local music works and do their part to promote the inheritance of Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs.


INTRODUCTION
Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, large number of Han people due to natural disasters or war, large-scale Hakka ancestors from the Yellow River Basin moved south to the junction area of Fujian and Guangdong, Gannan due to the sparse population and pleasant living conditions has become the Hakka ancestors gathering place, the cradle of the Hakka [1]. Gannan is located in the mountainous and hilly area, situated at the southern end of Jiangxi, with Wuyi Mountains in Fujian to the east, Luoxiao Mountains in Hunan to the west, and the South Ridge connecting to the two regions of Guangdong to the south [2]. Hakka Mountain Folk Songs are one of the many folk music art forms of the Chinese people, and they are an art form accumulated by the Hakka folk family during their long history of living and working. China is an ancient civilization with a long history. During the long years, various ethnic groups have created together a brilliant and splendid musical culture, and a unique national musical art form of the Chinese nation [3]. In the century, especially since it was listed in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in China, Hakka Mountain Folk Songs have received more and more attention, and the study of Hakka Mountain Folk Songs has also entered a new stage of development, and scholars have researched Hakka Mountain Folk Songs from different academic perspectives, and new achievements have emerged.

THE USE OF GANNAN HAKKA MOUNTAIN FOLK SONGS IN CONTEMPORARY WORKS
Originally the songs sung by the people in the mines, not the formal mainstream music, the beginning of the Second Domestic Revolutionary War gave a new life to the Hakka songs of Gannan. With the victory of the Red Army in the war, Hakka Mountain Folk Songs were sung all over the base areas of southern Gan and western Fujian, leaving behind the reputation of "three divisions in one mountain song" for thousands of years. From then on, the unheard of Jingnan Hakka mountain song also evolved from a regional mountain song to a nationally known excellent folk song [4].

Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs are one of the musical prototypes of labor songs
The labor songs composed by the working people at large in course of carrying out life and production can serve as a motivating factor and mobilize certain emotions. Our ancestors in the collective work, in order to use the orderly whole bodies strength, often a call to respond. The original inspiration for the creation of labor songs came from these simple rhythmic cries that accompany the working people day in and day out all year round. In the poem "Xiao Ya Felling Wood", the song "Felling Wood Ding Ding, Birds Singing, its song off, seeking its friendly sound." It is the earliest documented labor song in China [5].
So singing to each other became an effective way to the bottom of the working people to express ideas, and after several generations of transmission and development, the tunes have become popular. From the point of view of the origin of the Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan, its first prototype and the history of its inheritance and development, it is the earliest development of China's folk songs from labor songs, it's very important role for the study and analysis of the formation and development of China's folk songs [6].

Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs are the mother of Chinese Red Songs
Gannan is one of the important Central Soviet Regions. When the revolutionary fire was lit in this red land at the beginning of the century, the Hakka Mountain Folk Songs of Gannan also began the process of grafting with the red songs, giving birth to the new born red song Yao [7].

Hakka Mountain Folk Songs of Gannan as a Key Medium for Promoting Hakka People and Culture in World Heritage Sites
The rich Hakka culture contains a wealth of information that allows us to understand and record the revolutionary cultural traditions of the South Central Soviet area, and even the lifeblood of the entire Hakka culture [8].

Aesthetic pleasure
"The people are the creators of beauty". As the treasure of China's national vocal art, the main body of the creation of Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs is also the Hakka of Recorded South, and the beautiful natural environment and simple folk style of the Gannan region are reflected in its mountain songs, which are all very suitable for the customs and aesthetic standards of the local people. As Gorky: "By nature, man is an artist; he always wishes to bring beauty into his life, wherever he is."

Dissemination of knowledge
In the lyrics of the Hakka Mountain Folk Songs of Gannan, there are two unique characteristics that are different from other folk. A special place is the picaresque "head songs", and these "head songs" have been repeatedly extracted from the productive life of the living repetition of classical philosophy through thousands of years of running work of human modification [9].

Family Influence
Like other music genres, the Hakka Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan have been evolving over a long period of time after more than a thousand years of history, and due to the arrival of the Hakka ancestors also brought excellent Hakka Mountain Folk Songs at the same time. And the Hakka Mountain Folk Songs were spread to a wide range of Hakka areas, and at the same time, they were organically integrated with local indigenous music, gradually forming the style of Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan today. In the process of developing and passing on this excellent musical form, the influence of the family has made a great contribution to the classical transmission and longevity of the Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs all along [10].

Teacher-Apprentice Legacy
In addition to the influence of families, the transmission of Hakka Mountain Folk Songs from teacher to apprentice is also one of the important ways of spreading and developing Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan. This is mainly reflected in the professional and semiprofessional mountain singers. Being able to sing mountain songs is an honor and a source of great pride in the area. Many people who like folk mountain songs tend to study under old mountain singers, prompting this mentor-apprentice relationship as an important link between singers Xingguoshan, and many of the best mountain singers learn through this inheritance. This way of passing down the songs from teacher to apprentice has become one of the main ways that the Hakka songs in Gannan have been passed down for a long time, and these mountain song lovers have become the main force in spreading the Hakka songs in Gannan [11].

Stimulating competition
Stimulating competition is one of the most important forms of developing and spreading Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan, as well as promoting the stimulation and revitalization of the national heritage. In the history of Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs, folk songs recorded in the competition appeared, Jiangxi talent Luo Yin, Wu scholars and Qiaoxia doubt women folk song competition is early, later Luo Yin recorded Gannan folk mountain songs songbook, and passed down to this day.

Innovation of ideas
To innovate the Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs, it is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between modern culture and Hakka culture, and organically integrate with modern culture, Hakka Mountain Folk Songs and in this creation of a new creation of the tradition is based on the establishment of contemporary line with modern values in effort to Hakka Mountain Folk Songs aesthetic sensibility. This is to better promote the close integration between Hakka culture and modern culture and to eliminate the differences between tradition and modernity, so in this new era Hakka Mountain Folk Songs are passed on and protected.

Technology Innovation
The orchestration of traditional folk songs is relatively simple and unattractive in terms of instruments and types of an accompaniment. The so-called technological innovation refers to the full use of sound, electricity, light and other music-related modern advanced technical means, a comprehensive packaging box upgrade of Gannan mountain songs, efforts to achieve a good visual and auditory perception, so that young people more easily accept this traditional music form.

Technique innovation
On basis of preserving the original ecology of Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs, the technical innovation of them is perfectly transformed into the modern music field through modern professional technical means. By innovative techniques, we mean that the technical innovations of rhyme, tonal modulation and melody of the song are the core, and they are made in the context of modern music.

Content Innovation
Nowadays, the new era has given a new historical connotation to the Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan, showing to the world the unique spirituality and regional culture of the Hakka people. When innovating Hakka Mountain Folk Songs in Gannan, the unique temperamental quality, historical accumulation and unique ethnic characteristics of Hakka people should be fully preserved.

Performance Innovation
Generally speaking, The majority of mountain song singers have gradually developed a very individual style of singing in their daily lives. In their natural state, the singers use a more straightforward and single form to convey to the audience, many of whom are not scientifically trained, Hakka Mountain Folk Songs are sung with a white voice. This lack of voice singing, the vocal cords easily fatigued scientific method, the range of sound is also narrower, the voice is not enough beautiful and beautiful. Hakka Mountain Folk Songs as a folk song, existing techniques to comprehend a professionally sung piece, thus making the work needed to achieve the effect of the creator producing the song sound truly full and round. The main forms of folk singing are solos, duets, and tail-barge duets, which are relatively simple.

Conclusion
Gannan Hakka Mountain Folk Songs have a long history and origin, and are the accumulation of China's history and culture, the product of survival and development in the soil of the Chinese nation. It is a part of the music culture of Gannan, and is a sub-discipline of the emerging "Hakka Studies", which is becoming more and more perfect and flourishing in the region, and has a certain influence in the Eastern and even the world culture. The Hakka people came from the Central Plains to the south, bringing with them large number of excellent foreign cultures, which were absorbed, blended, and gradually formed and developed into a complete and characteristic Hakka music culture system. As Mr. Feng Guangyu said, "Hakka music is a synthesis of the greatness of music from all over the world, and in its long river of music flow the drops of various rivers, which finally converge into a torrent of forward rushing flow". This passage clearly illustrates the trajectory of the development of Hakka music culture.