Study on the optimization path of Liaoning trade structure under the background of "anti-globalization"

: Through the "inverse globalization" influence on trade structure and factor endowment theory in Liaoning trade structure, from strengthening the attention of trade friction in Liaoning, Liaoning export market structure, develop scientific and reasonable trade development strategy, Liaoning support countries and Liaoning key enterprises put forward "inverse globalization" under the background of Liaoning trade structure optimization path.


Introduction
The prominent period of anti-globalization was after the financial crisis in 2008. It refers to a phenomenon of market segmentation in the degree and form of economic globalization at a certain stage, which has been particularly prominent since the COVID-19 outbreak. The reasons for the phenomenon of anti-globalization are not only deep-rooted political and economic reasons, but also closely related to the reform of new technologies and new technologies. At the same time, the refugee problem has also had a negative impact on globalization. Along the development path of international trade theory, the development of Liaoning's foreign trade has changed from using the existing comparative advantages to innovative and dynamic competitive advantages, from giving play to the advantages of natural endowment elements to utilizing the advantages of innovative factor endowment. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the optimization of trade structure in Liaoning under the background of "anti-globalization" based on endowment theory.

The impact of "anti-globalization" on the trade structure
The impact of anti-globalization on trade development is irreversible, leading to the prevalence of local protectionism and changing the original trade rules. The trade block caused by anti-globalization will form more obstacles to the relatively developed regions. Therefore, the influence of "anti-globalization" on the trade structure is analyzed from three aspects: reshaped international trade rules, prevailing trade protectionism and blocked high-end trade.

The reshaped international trade rules
As the economic strength of countries changes, international trade rules will be adjusted accordingly, and if not to meet the expected interests of some countries, various measures will be taken to fight globalization. First, the international trade rules have their drawbacks. From the perspective of the whole global economy, the WTO implementing trade rules is in a difficult situation. Because the interests of the member states are inconsistent, the international trade rules take a long time in the negotiation. Second, the emergence of emerging economies. With the acceleration of regional economic growth, produced many emerging economies, emerging economies will need new economic rules and echo, some developed countries for their own interests, through the trade rules for their own trade service, improve their international status, and emerging economies and international economic forces formed by the inverse globalization is bound to hinder the progress of trade smoothly. Third, economic growth and recovery are lack of momentum. When the national economic growth momentum is insufficient, it will be replaced by appropriate imports, thus effectively inhibiting trade expansion. Although the WTO provides a platform for countries to trade multilateral, some countries constantly break trade rules to serve their own interests.

The prevailing trade protectionism
Economic development and trade protection have always been interdependent, especially in the context of antiglobalization, which also makes trade protectionism prevail. In essence, the national security theory and naive industry theory are some countries to seek trade protection excuses for their economic development. First, directional trade protection policies. For example, the United States has implemented various types of tariff or non-tariff trade barriers on China, imposed high tariffs, and launched antidumping and countervailing investigations. Second, the manufacturing industry backflow measures. To reshape the manufacturing boom, developed countries introduced relevant measures for the return of manufacturing industry, especially the high-end manufacturing industry, and initiated the relative strategic measures, which directly led to the direct decline of the spillover effect of global science and technology, and had a reverse impact on the economic development of developing countries. Third, increased trade protection measures. Both explicit trade policy and implicit trade policy have become an important strategy for the economic and diplomatic development of all countries, which undoubtedly causes the phenomenon of anti-globalization to some extent for all countries.

Blocked high-end trade
If developing countries want to enhance their international competitiveness, an important driving force is the development of high-end trade. Due to various trade obstacles caused by anti-globalization, the high-end trade of developing countries faces serious challenges. First, the pressure on technology trade is becoming more and more obvious. Anti-globalization has increased the pressure on developing countries in the development of technology trade, and some countries have even implemented strict trade measures that violate international rules. Due to the limitation of technological level, developing countries need to invest a lot of capital and cost to develop new technologies, but the international market under the background of anti-globalization will prevent its development, and even become the main constraint. Second, the pressure on high-end trade and exports is becoming more and more obvious. High-end trade as the driving force of economic development of developing countries have demonstration and leading role, due to the prevalence of trade protectionism, developing countries itself relatively insufficient internal and external demand and external barriers to trade, under the influence of highend trade in developing countries, seriously affect the economic transformation of developing countries. Third, it is becoming more and more difficult for us to steadily improve the modern service industries. Developing countries mainly focus on the development of traditional service industry, while the gap between modern service industry and developed countries is still large, which makes it more and more difficult to achieve the steady improvement of the service industry in developing countries.

The effect of factor endowment theory on the analysis of Liaoning trade structure
According to the factor endowment theory, the trade structure of a country is determined by the relative abundance of its factor endowment. When the degree of abundance changes in the key elements such as material capital, labor capital and technology level, the trade structure will also change accordingly. The specific effects are as follows:

The role of material capital on Liaoning's trade structure
When the material capital in Liaoning reaches a certain level, the endowment structure of capital and labor can be changed, and when the accumulation of capital in Liaoning is insufficient, the labor force will become the main factor of production. If the capital continues to accumulate, the addition of equipment and technology will reduce the originally required labor force; and when the speed of capital accumulation in Liaoning is higher than the speed of labor accumulation, some products will change from labor intensive to capital intensive. Compared with other trade rivals, the elements of abundance will change in the trade structure of Liaoning, and the products exported by Liaoning will change from labor-intensive to capital-intensive, and the products imported by Liaoning will be produced by unabundant elements. From the perspective of Liaoning's trade development, material capital is also the cornerstone of Liaoning's technological progress. First, the development of technology in Liaoning Province cannot be separated from the support of material resources. The most direct embodiment of the development of technology is the use of equipment and tools with higher production efficiency. It is empty talk to talk about technological progress aside. Second, the material capital of Liaoning can effectively promote the progress of technology. When the technological level lags behind, Liaoning can promote the obvious improvement of the technological level by introducing advanced equipment and tools.

The role of labor capital on Liaoning's trade structure
The production skills, knowledge reserve and ability of Liaoning people are the driving force of Liaoning's economic and welfare growth. Labor force is the essential factor of production and life, and its proportion in the factor input directly has a direct impact on the output, and then affects the trade structure of Liaoning province. First, the abundance of labor and capital in Liaoning is bound to have an impact on its trade structure. Second, the human capital owned by Liaoning labor force will have a greater impact on production and life. There are two main sources of human capital in Liaoning, one is the knowledge and skills gained in school, and the other is the experience gained in practice, which can directly improve production efficiency. When Liaoning human capital increases, it can not only improve the utilization rate of capital, but also further improve the technical level through the accumulation of knowledge and innovation of knowledge. Nowadays, the national quality and education level of Liaoning have been greatly improved than before, and the level of science and technology has also been significantly improved. The existing labor force in Liaoning has given full play to the maximum efficiency of human capital due to its higher knowledge and skills. At the same time, Liaoning's production mode has also begun to develop to resource-saving and technological progress, and the products have changed from labor intensive to technology intensive and knowledge intensive, which directly leads to the transformation of Liaoning's trade structure.

The role of technical level on Liaoning's
trade structure Scientific and technological innovation and natural resource endowment will have a certain impact on Liaoning's trade structure. Liaoning can export technology-intensive products by virtue of its advanced technology level advantage and make itself in a dominant position in trade. As a factor endowment, technical level affects the competitiveness of Liaoning trade products. First, improving the technical level of Liaoning will improve the quality of products, and the products with high technology will have strong competitiveness in trade. Second, improving the technical level of Liaoning will achieve the best reasonable allocation of capital and labor force, and thus promote the improvement of labor productivity, reduce the relative production costs and the prices of trade products, and affect the terms of trade in Liaoning. Scientific and technological innovation and the improvement of technology level can promote the progress of science and technology, and then optimize the trade structure of Liaoning province.

Strengthen the attention of trade friction in Liaoning
Analyze the causes of trade friction, change the export growth mode of Liaoning province, enhance the technical gold content of Liaoning's export products, enhance the international competitiveness, and open up a wider international market. Establish and improve the government functions, and strengthen all kinds of publicity efforts. Targeted according to different industries, different stages of the work centers, strengthen the attention to trade friction.

Optimize the structure of the export market in Liaoning province
To optimize the structure of export market in Liaoning, we can analyze the traditional market problems from the perspective of improving the diversification of export trade market in Liaoning, and strengthen the trade between many regions and many countries. At the same time, expand the emerging markets and look at the international market. Liaoning should increase the investment in export science and technology, enhance the ability of independent innovation and optimize the tax rebate structure.

Formulate a scientific and reasonable trade development strategy for Liaoning province
Recognize the current situation of Liaoning trade development, and formulate a scientific and reasonable Liaoning trade development strategy. First, we can start from the domestic market, comprehensively consider the demand degree for imported products in the international market, and then develop the corresponding products. Second, to establish a Liaoning multinational company. We will focus on developing high-tech innovationoriented enterprises, face the international market, increase the international market share, and establish private enterprises with large scale, strong influence and strong technological capital to expand their influence.

Supporting the key enterprises of the state
and Liaoning province We will support the state and key enterprises in Liaoning, and invest more funds in the construction of high-tech innovation. The Liaoning provincial government should increase policy and financial support for the development of high-tech industries and technology, encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to innovate and develop, carry out deep processing of products, integrate with the international market, and create their own brand characteristics and market reputation.