Fire Risk Assessment of Sustainable Fire Protection and Disaster Prevention in Ancient Villages in Central Yunnan-Huangtupo Village, Malong District, Qujing City as an example

: This paper selects the ancient village of Huangtupo as the research object and assesses the risk rate of the ancient village of Huangtupo in The expert scoring method is used to score the influencing factors of the village, and the hierarchical analysis and risk The expert scoring method is used to score the influencing factors of the village, and the hierarchical analysis and risk assessment methods are applied to calculate its riskiness and propose improvement measures. A fire dynamics perspective is used to construct fire prevention ideas, as well as to propose improvement measures in response to the results of the risk analysis.


Introduction
Ancient villages have a certain social and economic significance. They are the cultural heritage of various peoples and are the cornerstone of a people's culture that has been able to flourish and develop. Ancient villages are both a spatial system and an extremely complex economic and cultural phenomenon, a dynamic development process that changes with history and the way humans live. In recent years, examples of ancient villages being damaged by fire and losing their original value have occurred, and as one of the few well-preserved traditional villages in Qujing, attention should be paid to their protection and fire prevention. The fire risk assessment is a comprehensive evaluation of the building layout, the level of fire protection development, population density and other comprehensive evaluation indicators. [1] The fire risk evaluation analyses the fire risk, the vulnerability of the protected object and the effectiveness of control measures; the fire safety is assessed by the degree of hazard and the combined effect of the above factors. This paper invites a number of social experts and instructors from Southwest Forestry University to score the influencing factors of Huangtupo Village using the expert scoring method, apply the hierarchical analysis method and the risk assessment method to calculate its riskiness and optimise the configuration of its fire protection system. The results of the analysis are also used to facilitate the conservation of Huantupo village and more ancient villages.

Research Methodology
(1) Overview of the study area Huangtupo Village is part of the Baita Village Committee of Old County Street, Malong County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province. After a field investigation, it was found that there were significant fire hazards in Huangtupo Village. Firstly, there is no reasonable planning of fire protection barrier in the village. The narrowest road in the village is only 3.5m and the width of the road is less than 4m. Buildings are adjacent to each other and the fire separation is seriously inadequate and does not meet the fire lane requirements, and there are no fire lane marking lines, warning signs etc. Secondly, the fire-fighting facilities and equipment in the village do not meet the requirements. No fire-fighting water supply facilities have been set up in the village, and the diameter of the domestic water supply pipe is only 40mm, which cannot provide sufficient water for fire-fighting. The Village Hall Committee also failed to provide records of fire prevention duty inspections, fire prevention checks and system conditions.
(2) Expert scoring method "The "expert rating" is a quantitative method based on the subjective experience of experts, also known as the empirical assessment method. The method starts with the selection of several assessment items according to the specific needs of the assessment objectives, the development of assessment criteria for the items to be assessed, and the aggregation of the scores given by a representative number of experts based on their own work experience and in accordance with the assessment criteria. [2] (3) Hierarchical analysis AHP is a method of analysis that decomposes each factor into levels of objectives, criteria and solutions, etc. The AHP method is a way of ordering complex problems with multiple factors, and the hierarchical analysis method is systematic, effective and concise. By considering ancient villages as a whole and combining qualitative and quantitative aspects through the ideas of decomposition, comparison, determination and synthesis, it is a proven method for studying the spatial structure of ancient villages.

Fire risk assessment of Huangtupo village
(1) Establishing a fire risk evaluation index system for Huangtupo village Based on the comprehensive consideration of all influencing factors of fire safety on loess slopes, the fire risk evaluation index system of loess slopes was determined as shown in Table 1.

) Expert scoring indicators and values
The results of the scoring in Table 2 show that electrical fires account for a relatively large proportion of the fire hazards.   Table 2 it can be shown that among the fire hazards, electrical fires account for a relatively large proportion, the village has a great risk in terms of building structure and building density, the overall risk in terms of fire-fighting force building is high, and the risk in terms of social surface prevention and control capacity is low.
(3) Hierarchical analysis calculations Set the assessment object: Huangtupo ancient village fire risk as the target layer A, then include the influencing factors such as fire hazard sources, village basic information, fire-fighting force construction and social surface prevention and control capability in the guideline layer C; then analyse the factors in a type and include these factors in the scheme layer P to build the model. [5] Taking the process of assigning weights to the indicators at the first level of the evaluation index system in this paper as an example, a priority relationship matrix is obtained. [6]  As can be seen from the table, the relative importance between the two indicators of fire hazards and social surface prevention and control capability is the strongest, with village basic information, fire-fighting force building and social surface prevention and control capability being less important relative to fire hazards, and the remaining indicators being of exactly equal relative importance to each other. From the results of the hierarchical analysis in Table 4 AHP, it can be seen that the 4th order judgement matrix was constructed for the AHP hierarchical method study, and the eigenvectors as well as the weight values were obtained from the analysis, followed by the CI values calculated using the maximum eigenroot values. The query yielded a random consistency RI value of 0.890.  important, based on this, re-selection of secondary and tertiary indicators, risk assessment of Huangtupo, which focuses on the impact of fire hazard source on the overall risk in secondary indicators.
(4) Risk assessment of the ancient village of HuangtupoIII.The application of traditional embroidery art in modern fashion design A comprehensive consideration of the actual situation in Huantupo Ancient Village, combined with expert advice, has led to a comprehensive analysis of the primary indicators for fire risk assessment in Huantupo Ancient Village, which are fire safety management, fire fighting infrastructure, and building fire fighting and rescue. Maintenance of fire-fighting facilities, fire-fighting personnel, fire-fighting emergency plans and drills, and inspection systems were selected as secondary indicators to reflect the management of fire safety. Fire extinguishers, fire hoses and outdoor fire hydrants were selected as secondary evaluation indicators to reflect the infrastructure of the ancient village. The ability to evacuate people, evacuation routes and fire lanes are selected as secondary evaluation indicators to reflect the village's fire fighting and rescue capability. The selected primary and secondary indicators were collated to produce the table shown in Table 7. Fire Lane (c13) The weight values of the indicators and the scores scored by the experts were brought into the system after the indicators were reselected, resulting in the risk assessment table for Huangtupo Ancient Village. Based on the improvement of the village in various aspects, the measures to enhance the village's fire prevention and resilience, and then change some of the indicators of the tertiary index, adding the fire prevention and resilience factors such as identifying the person in charge, equipping the fire hose as required, and personnel being familiar with fire prevention knowledge, and then calculating the fire risk of the Huangtupo village, a fire risk evaluation table for Huangtupo after adding the fire prevention and resilience factors was obtained, as shown in Table 9. Among the primary indicators, the fire safety management score decreased by 47.4%, the fire protection infrastructure score decreased by 26.2% and the fire protection force score decreased by 32.4%. Among the secondary factors, the score for fire safety infrastructure was the lowest, and the reduction was also the lowest, indicating that the fire safety infrastructure indicator played a significant role in the process of improving the fire resistance of ancient villages, which is consistent with the results of the analysis before the inclusion of the fire resistance factor. The calculated risk reduction probability of H1=0.458 indicates that the fire risk of Huangtupo ancient village has decreased by 45.8% after the addition of the fire prevention factor, which proves that its fire prevention capability has also been improved.

Conclusion
Based on the background of protecting ancient villages for better protection, based on the perspective of sustainable fire prevention and disaster prevention in ancient villages, Huangtupo was selected as the research object, and expert scoring method, hierarchical analysis method and risk evaluation method were used to analyse the factors affecting the fire risk of ancient villages in Huangtupo, and concluded that ancient villages in central Yunnan should focus on the fire risk sources of ancient villages when conducting fire risk assessment in sustainable fire prevention and disaster prevention. The results of the risk analysis can be used to achieve sustainable fire prevention and disaster prevention strategies in four areas: controlling fire hazards, strengthening the construction of fire fighting forces, implementing fire prevention measures, and implementing village-wide fire fighting quality improvement and group prevention and control projects.