Research on teacher morality and behavior code based on Chinese Confucian tradition

: The Confucian thought handed down from generation to generation has widely influenced the spiritual world of the Chinese nation, and is reflected in all aspects of life, and the Confucian tradition of teachers has a profound influence on the morality and behavior norms of teachers in China. Which Confucius to "benevolence" as the core of the teacher, mencius good theory of "Yang good" teacher and xunzi based on the theory of "evil" teacher is the most representative and influence, the habit of the traditional Confucian professor after long-term social development, the modern education has certain enlightenment, our country currently to teachers' ethics and teachers should reflect on Confucian tradition and reference.


Preface
Confucianism originated from the thought of Confucius. Since Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty "deposed other schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", Confucianism, as a ruling thought, has gradually penetrated into all aspects of the Chinese nation. Although in the free and open contemporary society, we advocate pluralistic ideas and no longer only Confucianism, Confucianism still has a great influence on us. However, in the context of the new era, teachers 'ethics and behavior norms should not completely follow the Confucian tradition, but should take the essence and discard the dross, and establish teachers' ethics and behavior norms based on the Confucian tradition and meet the development needs of contemporary society. In Confucianism, Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi mainly guide the formation of teachers' morality. Next, this paper will make a detailed discussion on their thoughts.

Confucius took "benevolence" as the core of teachers' ethics and code of conduct
Confucius was the founder of the Confucian school. In the era of a hundred schools of thought contend, his original intention of founding Confucianism was to spread ideas and govern the people with it. Therefore, his view of teachers was based on the grand and gradually deepened. He advocated benevolent government, aiming to cultivate a "gentleman" who became an official. paper came to the world, treat people painted. But the day from all aspects of education will lead everyone to a different path. Although everyone's education comes from three aspects: school, society and family, under the current education system, students spend the most time in school, so the importance of school education cannot be ignored. If so, the responsibility comes back to the teachers. Confucius put forward the "teach no class" [5] , he thought to treat students equally, in fact, his students are indeed different backgrounds, "self bundle above, I did not teach how" [6] . It also shows his treatment of students equally. At the same time, he also asked teachers to "teach students in accordance with their aptitude". When Confucius himself answered the questions raised by different students according to their characteristics, and he could find out the students' strengths.
The above dialogue fully shows that Confucius can find out the strengths of each student and teach them in accordance with their aptitude. Different from the ancient private schools, there is now a class-based management, with different systems but similar patterns. Students in a class' family background, personality and growth experience are all different. Faced with such a situation, teachers should not treat students with selfish interests, but equally [7] . In addition, although it is a class system, it advocates the same teaching content, the same progress, the same learning time. But teachers face each student, should also according to the characteristics of each student, in accordance with their aptitude, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, one by a better situation. Contemporary social ethos heavy material, light spirit, coupled with the popularity of exam-oriented education, many teachers fall into the cycle of only results, in this case, we should look back to the first sage, do not forget the original intention of education, lost the moral integrity of teachers.

Be insatiable in learning and teaching tirelessly
In addition to his love for education and students, Confucius also required teachers to have the ability to educate students."Be insatiable in learning, and be tireless in teaching others" [8] . As a teacher, to have the ability to teach and educate people, "hear the way successively, the art has specialized" [9] , "never tired of learning" is the idea of Confucius, in the teacher behavior, is the teacher "professional" and "erudite" requirements. This is not a contradictory concept, especially in such a big knowledge explosion, the era of students 'learning tasks soar, teachers' knowledge only much higher than students can be like a duck to water in teaching. Teachers should first have a solid professional foundation. In pursuit of "safe" life, a lot of people to the so-called "iron rice bowl" blind, holding as long as into the system even complete the attitude of life, choose subject preparation, become a teacher, relax vigilance, neglect, coupled with their own responsible for the professional no interest, become the "teacher" of teaching. Such practices go against the teacher's ethics and need to be corrected. We can imagine that if teachers who are knowledge disseminators do not teach professional knowledge well, they will be dereliction of duty in the country, society and individuals.
Strengthen professional ability, on the basis of teaching tasks, teachers should also expand their knowledge scope, always have more skills. This is not to require teachers to be know-it-all and learn blindly, but to learn targeted knowledge and skills that are conducive to teaching. For example, in order to make the classroom more interesting or more efficient, teachers learn to use multimedia. If teachers have younger hobbies in their spare time, they can also promote the friendship with students and build a more harmonious relationship between teachers and students. But here should pay attention to, "learned" is not "rotten", for example, some teachers in life is not suitable for hobbies in front of students, it should avoid show in front of students, such as news reports of individual primary and secondary school teachers in class "amway" star, cause bad social influence, perhaps his intention is active classroom atmosphere, but the wrong way will cause the negative impact against the original intention. No matter "professional" or "learned", how to learn is also a problem that teachers should think about. In learning, teachers must first "learning", teachers should keep learning, and keep pace with The Times, in such an era of knowledge explosion, no matter what professional, knowledge is increasing rapidly, so teachers should keep learning, also is now advocated the so-called "lifelong learning", this kind of behavior can not only improve the teachers 'personal quality, the love of learning behavior will affect the students, stimulate students' learning enthusiasm, teachers and students in you in learning teaching, promote each other. Secondly, learning good knowledge, teachers should also " learn and learn."So you to better understand knowledge. Confucius once said, "review the past to know the new, can be a teacher" [10] , the knowledge learned repeatedly should be repeated, the process of review may produce new and different insights. In addition, the teacher also "ask", in general is and students positive communication problems, after all, there is no absolute knowledge between people rolling, everyone has their own will and not, so teachers can also communicate with students, this process can not only solve the problem, but also can understand the students' thinking, it is not a teaching process. As stated in Study Notes, learn half, this is nothing.

Set an example and match your words with your deeds
In the Confucian thought with "benevolence" as the core, Confucius put forward many requirements for the gentleman, and teachers, as an example, must be a moral, good conduct, words and deeds, and lead by example. As a teacher, the first thing to match words and deeds. Confucius once said, " I began with a man, listened to what he says and believed in what he does. Today, I see what he says and does." [11] , simply put, to see how a person is, to see what he did rather than what he said. Teachers as educators, mouth say the truth everywhere, daily teaching precepts from students to gushing, quote, quote, all right, but teaching is a way of education, only example is the important means of education change students, after all, only emotion can awaken emotion, only personality can affect personality. After being able to match his words with deeds, the teacher should start to really lead by example."Teachers, the model of people also" [12] Confucius thought that teachers are the model of students. Meng Lu, an American scholar, proposed that education originated from "unconscious imitation". Although this statement has limitations, imitation exists. For example, a teacher said to keep the classroom clean, but he himself is sloppy, littering, regardless of the classroom environment, that no matter how many times he preached, students do not speak hygiene, will not put the preaching at ease, not to obey orders. But if the teacher said at the same time can do, take the lead to clean up the garbage, usually also clean, then the students will naturally help learning from him, and believe what he said. As the so-called " its body is right, do not order and do. Its body is not straight, although make not from." [13] The process of teaching by example can also improve teachers' prestige. However, teachers also have made mistakes, at this time to have the courage to admit mistakes, is the so-called "do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you" [14] . Teachers usually ask to have the courage to bear mistakes, this kind of thing falls on their own body, but also to ask themselves.

Mencius takes the "good" as the core of teachers' morality and behavior norms
Mencius is the author of the "theory of good nature" and the earliest educator who put forward the word "education", "Three music, win the world's talents and education". The reason why he has this view may be related to his personal growth experience. In the allusion of Mencius 'mother's three changes, his mother, full of love and patience, is constantly seeking a good educational environment for him, and awakening the positive and good side of his character. Mencius attached great importance to moral education, and the purpose of his education was to cultivate a man with the ideal personality of "wealth cannot be corrupted, poverty cannot be removed, and power cannot be surrendered" [15] , which is slightly different from Confucius' educational goal of cultivating "gentleman" and "entering an official".
As the successor of the Confucian school, he also inherited and carried forward the thoughts of Confucius. Confucius called for teachers love education, love students, mencius in favor of this, he will "the talent and education" into life three le, think teaching is one of the three big joy of life, his thoughts in the education and political motivation is relatively weak, pay more attention to the development of the students, also support Confucius aptitude education policy, he put forward " the gentleman is five, like the rain, have virtue, have goods, ask, private shu ai."He also constructively proposed to adopt different teaching methods according to the age groups of students. Like Confucius, Mencius also believed that solid professional knowledge was an indispensable part of teachers' ethics. He directly asked teachers to be knowledgeable and specialized. " To learn and speak in detail, you will reverse the promise."" The sage is clear, and faint." These are all his requirements for teachers 'knowledge, and his elaboration is more specific than Confucius's. He also asked to always keep the state of learning, "can not have" as evidence.
Mencius also asked teachers to match words with words and deeds. Mencius believed that he was born with all kinds of good moral character, so in moral education, Mencius paid more attention to promoting goodness. He believes that teachers should "maintain their ambition" and maintain their innate noble spirit. In this point, although it can not be said that the good theory is correct, but the nature is naturally both good and bad, teachers whether to themselves or students, to maintain a natural good temperament. Knowing mistakes can change is Mencius's constructive point of view, teachers should first know the shame, do wrong to admit their mistakes, it can be said that " the heart of shame, the end of righteousness also."Teachers are just ordinary people, everyone will make mistakes, so know mistakes, shame can change, talent will have progress, this only can not change the behavior can also lead students to imitate, create a better personality. In addition, although Mencius felt that people were born with good qualities, they still had to accept hone to further grow."When heaven is about to impose great duties, he must first suffer, or strain his bones and muscles, starve his body and skin, empty his body, and disturb his actions, and gain what he cannot do."Literally, it means that only a person can temper his will in a bad environment. In ancient times, teachers may be able to starve their skin, but in modern society, especially for teachers in the system, in fact, few people will be in the difficult environment that can temper people, so teachers should spontaneously walk out of the comfort zone, looking for challenges they can withstand, temper and improve themselves."Against oneself" is also a characteristic idea in Mencius 'thought. Confucius has put forward "three myself" before. However, in Mencius, seeing students make mistakes, we also want to reflect that teachers and students influence each other, so the students' bad work may not be the lack of teachers. Teachers should learn to through the students' performance to find their teaching flaws, such as a test, most of the students in the class wrong some type, it can reflect on whether leakage or not clear, or, hear students in the class teacher indecent mantra, that the teacher can not only criticize students, oneself also want to reflect on themselves and correct.
While inheriting and carrying forward Confucius's view of teachers, Mencius also had his own unique views. First of all, influenced by the theory of good nature and the view of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, Mencius advocated student-centered in teaching, and teachers should be good at giving guidance and step by step. Teachers should put the knowledge bit by bit step by step to the students " no end poor, learning endless law, although the great sage, also will be surplus and then into."Otherwise it will happen" its into the sharp, its retreat speed."The phenomenon of the. This is also applicable in our modern teaching. Before, China established a youth class for precocious children, and all the children in the class were very smart. Although some were them later, some students went to the other extreme in the distorted learning. Moreover, because of the serious lack of ideological and spiritual education for the students, the teachers of the youth class also evaluated that these students had more or less psychological problems. Later, almost none of the prodigies trained by these countries stayed in China and all went abroad to work."The Book of Rites" also mentioned, "learning, not mausoleum section" , teaching should be a step by step, good at guiding the process. In today's teaching activities, teachers should also arrange courses according to the law of students' physical and mental development at the present stage. When some students are more suitable, they should find ways to guide students. For example, in the humanities class, the teacher guides the students to read and refer to the materials, so that they are spontaneously interested in learning. In the science course, the teacher uses one puzzle after another and interesting phenomena to stimulate the students to learn independently.
In a word, Mencius' teacher view of "promoting good" is very soft, requiring the teacher is a love of students, noble character, patient, good at giving guidance, but also to their own high standards, in order to achieve better teachers.

Xunzi takes the suppression of "evil" as the core of the teachers' morality and behavior norms
Xunzi as another important heir of the Confucian school, put forward different views with mencius "evil", he believes that human nature this evil, and education is used to "false" , curb human nature natural evil, it is because this point of view, mencius teachers prefer to "guide", and his education view, teachers more authoritative "managers", but previous ideas he also keep its foundation.
Confucius intended to cultivate "gentleman", Mencius intended to train "great husband", and Xunzi intended to train "scholar", "gentleman" and "sage" who served the feudal rule. First of all, in teaching ethics, Xunzi did not elaborate too much on the fun of teaching, but pay attention to the ethics of he emphasized between teachers and students to respect the ceremony, " the ceremony, so the body also; teacher, so the ceremony also. Irpertinent, why straight? No teacher, do I know the ritual?", this and his" ritual "political core is fit, he is to teachers, the relationship between teachers and students and" dear "said, made clear that" dignity and fear, can be the teacher ", this is questionable in modern society, or should keep half, because in modern society, pay attention to human rights and equality, teachers should not be high above, teachers and students should respect each other. Compared with mencius, he sees the relationship between teachers and students more rational, but from some sentences, we can see that he is holding "love" and "respect" heart, is a more restrained care, "learn" cloud " green, from blue and blue, ice, water, and cold in water, so do not have to teacher, teacher don't have to disciple.", even constructively against the practice of teachers, advocating students to have their own personalities within a certain range. This shows that although the teachers in Xunzi's eyes seem serious and inaccessible, they have a high tolerance of students and favor the teacher-student relationship of "teaching and learning". It can be seen that this is a seemingly rebellious teacher, but in fact it respects the image of students. From a macro level, he also believes that education is of great help to the country, but he emphasizes more on the rights and interests of teachers."When a country will prosper, it will honor your teacher and value fu; if the country will decline, it will despise fu."believes that teachers have the ability to change customs. In the requirements of teachers, although Xunzi also attaches importance to teacher ethics, but not like Mencius, he attaches more importance to teachers' majesty and teaching ability.
Xuncius. To say, "teachers have four, and practice and yan: dignity and fear, can be a teacher; old ai and letter, can be a teacher; recite but not mausoleum, can be a teacher, can be a teacher: so teachers have four, and practice is not with yan" . Thus it can be seen that Xunzi, who emphasizes rites, put "respect" in the first place, and then he asked teachers to have rich experience, to be orderly, not fast or slow, and finally to have the ability to study deep micro truth, small words, erudite and knowledgeable, so as to teach students well.
Xunzi attaches great importance to the exploration of teachers 'teaching skills, he attaches great importance to teachers' practice, " Do not hear, know, see. Do know, clear."This is very enlightening for today's teaching, under the trend of exam-oriented education, national policy has been calling for quality education, but little effect, students learning or stagnation on the book papers, students and teachers influence each other, students, the teacher after class lessons and study the content may be do, analysis, this is not unfounded, teachers team indeed circulated through the paper to improve teaching ability. To do the problem, may also be a kind of "practice", but this practice does not have much significance, holding a fixed set of doing the problem is not good to understand the knowledge itself. Teachers should go to do the real "practice", such as physical and chemical teacher do experiment, do successfully show students even with students together, humanities teacher creation situation, don't take students back knowledge, and take students to see the original, or use multimedia to prepare some students entry material, let students deeply feel the charm of the humanities, so as to achieve more profound than "know" "line". In addition, Xunzi also proposed that teachers in accordance with their aptitude should conform to human nature. First of all, he must teach students in accordance with his aptitude, and have the spirit of perseverance in learning and shaping students. " Persistence, rotten wood; perseverance, stone can be engraved.", but at the same time, he proposed a different view of teaching in accordance with their aptitude. He affirmed the shortcomings of life "good eyes, good sound, good taste, good heart, good body and skin good happy", "the inertia of people"."Hungry and desire for food, cold and warm, work and desire for rest" . Because people have so many shortcomings, Xunzi pays more attention to teachers' control of students, to "fake" and attaches the importance of the dominant position of teachers. He expects both teachers and students to "good at fake things" and improve. Generally speaking, it is now learning on the shoulders of giants, good at using the existing experience or goods to go better and farther. This point in real life teaching is very meaningful, in the ancient slow flow of information, teachers want to "fake" may not be so easy, want to improve their channels is limited, but in now, teachers can through the network resources, book resources to expand their knowledge, skills, teaching methods, under the guise of these things to education students, but also can through precept, let the students also good fake, improve themselves.
In a word, in Xunzi's view of teachers, although he holds the theory of evil sex and advocates "propriety", teachers are dignified and considerate, and respect students.

The significance of Confucian traditional teachers' ethics and behavior norms in modern society
The traditional Confucian view of teachers believes that teachers should have a love for education and students, and understand the significance of education in the country and the individual. A strong youth is a strong country, and the growing social outlook, outlook on life and values of teenagers are not yet mature. The reasonable guidance of teachers is particularly important for the development of students. The sound education mechanism and concept play a solid role in cultivating the future pillars of the society. Modern society needs innovative talents, advocates quality education, advocates knowledge to change destiny. In such an environment background, modern teachers should be full of enthusiasm for education, and can get a sense of achievement from teaching. At the same time, students should care about love, in the fast-paced social life, students 'learning pressure is great, and students' psychological problems occur frequently. Teachers can not only pay attention to students' academic performance, but also care about their mental health. Psychologically fragile students need teachers 'sincere care to protect their growth, especially in the stage when students' mental development is not yet sound. In the specific teaching, teachers should improve the comprehensive quality of students through various methods, develop their intelligence, cultivate students' innovative ability, and continuously cultivate useful talents for the country and the society.
Secondly, the traditional Confucian view of teachers believes that an excellent teacher should have solid professional knowledge and the ability to learn. About the basic professional knowledge, this need to repeat, if the relevant knowledge is not, even the classroom can not be conducted. However, in maintaining learning, teachers need to pay attention to today, and teachers in the system will be arranged to participate in winter and summer vacations and individual working days. This is a good measure, and the policy implements the learning requirements for teachers. But at the same time, teachers should also learn independently and learn more skills that are helpful to the classroom. For example, primary school teachers learn a few children's songs, and middle and high school teachers learn more extended knowledge to make the classroom more interesting. Finally, the traditional Confucian view of teachers believes that teachers should have moral integrity, integrate knowledge and action, be a teacher, and teach by words and deeds. epilogue: The development and change of The Times, the improvement of education level and the expansion of educational intelligence require education to bring students not only the accumulation of knowledge and the improvement of skills, but also the maturity of mind and the cultivation of morality. Teachers, as knowledge educators, skill trainers and moral motivationers that students are directly contacted with, should constantly promote the formation of students 'complete personality and high-level moral values by combining the combination of words and example, which puts forward new and higher requirements for teachers' own moral level. Therefore, it is an urgent work to build a team of highquality teachers, and the construction of teacher ethics is the top priority in the construction of teacher soft power. Cultivating teachers with both political integrity and ability is the unremitting pursuit of perfect teacher training since ancient times. Through the past and the present, through the ancient and reference, to maintain the prestige and social status.
Moral education often needs to rely on individual selfidentification, self-recognition, self-absorption and selftransformation. Individual formation of conscious morality is a high-level moral standard. China's social form is presented on the ethical basis, and since ancient times, it has paid great attention to the shaping of individual morality and social morality. This paper focuses on the analysis of the Confucian scholars Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi on teacher ethics, based on the above discussion, explains the unique moral code and code of conduct that should be possessed by the practitioners of the teaching profession. It includes inheriting the excellent traditional culture, calling on teachers to cultivate their own moral consciousness, and playing a moral example in the teaching work.
Our traditional civilization has a long history, the Confucian discourse about ethics, these precious spiritual culture in today's society still plays a positive role, including about teachers' moral training, comply with the teachers 'behavior and actively build a good relationship between teachers and students, in training teacher's ethics and develop teachers' behavior today, can still be used as an important reference. Based on the full text, the author believes that the importance of teacher morality lies in making teachers truly have a sense of identity of industry ethics, and escorting teachers to better teach and educate people in their work positions and realize their personal value. The real realization of the self-cultivation of morality and teaching life linked, so that the excellent traditional culture in the new era to glow with new vitality.