Analysis of internal and external influencing factors of individual entrepreneurial intention: an empirical study based on global Entrepreneurship Survey

. Entrepreneurial activities are the power source of promoting a country's economic development and social progress. Entrepreneurial intention can well predict entrepreneurial activities. Based on the framework of integration analysis, this paper explores the external and internal factors that affect individual entrepreneurial intention. The binary logistic regression method was used to analyze 121,613 valid data samples from 48 countries in the 2018 Adult Population Survey (APS). The results show that entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial network, entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial attitude, and other internal and external factors have significant positive effects on individual entrepreneurial intention. At the same time, the interaction of internal and external factors has a significant positive effect on individual entrepreneurial intention. The interaction of internal and external factors also has significant positive impact on individual entrepreneurial intention. Individual willingness to start a business is influenced by multiple factors such as entrepreneurial network, entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial ability, and entrepreneurial attitude. It is a comprehensive balance of an individual's possible risks, benefits, and abilities to start a business, and a comprehensive result of wanting to do something (external opportunities and network relations), ability (knowledge and skills), and daring to do something (risk attitude).


Introduction
Entrepreneurial activity is a key driver of economic and social quality development in the context of the new era and an effective means of promoting innovation, through which new enterprises not only improve economic and social development and social production and living standards but also create many jobs.Entrepreneurship is seen as a conscious and planned behavior [1], and the decision-making behavior of entrepreneurship can be well predicted by entrepreneurial willingness [2].
Why do some people go for entrepreneurial activities and not others?Entrepreneurial activity is a highly personal decision that reflects individual drives, *Corresponding author: 522467045@qq.comabilities, and motivations [3], and the formation of entrepreneurial behavior depends on the attractiveness of entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur's abilities, and social norms [1].At the same time, it has been shown that the occurrence of entrepreneurial decision-making behavior of individuals is influenced by emotional as well as rational factors.Entrepreneurial behavior decisions are formed as individuals weigh the possible risks, benefits, and abilities of entrepreneurship together and generate judgments, which are the result of a combination of entrepreneurial desirability and feasibility factors [4].
The analysis of a single aspect of factors does not make a good prediction of the formation of entrepreneurial intentions [5], it is necessary to consider how the various factors interact [6], and it is more theoretical and practical to analyze the factors influencing SHS Web of Conferences 181, 01054 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418101054entrepreneurial intentions based on an integrated framework [4].In this paper, by using the latest data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we analyze the impact of different internal and external entrepreneurial conditions (entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial networks, entrepreneurial capabilities, entrepreneurial attitudes) on entrepreneurial intentions separately on the one hand, and focus on their interactive impact on entrepreneurial intentions on the other hand.

Literature review and hypothesis
From the analysis of the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention, the most influential and widely and deeply researched is the theory of planned behavior.
The theory of planned behavior suggests that a person's intention to engage in a behavior is often influenced by his or her attitude, subjective norm, and behavioral control of the behavior [7], where attitude is an individual's evaluation of the target behavior, the subjective norm is a measure of other individuals' perceptions of their ability to perform or not perform a particular decision, and behavioral control is an individual's perception of his or her ability to perform a particular behavior.From this theory we can learn that one's entrepreneurial behavior receives the influence of one's subjective evaluation of that behavior, the strength of support from others around one to perform that action, and one's perceived difficulty in performing that behavior.

The two-two interaction effects of internal and external entrepreneurial factors on
individuals' willingness to start a business

The interactive influence of external entrepreneurial opportunities and internal entrepreneurial capabilities on entrepreneurial intentions
Entrepreneurial activity is essentially the process of entrepreneurial opportunity pursuit, identification, and utilization [15].Under the ever-changing social environment, the existence of entrepreneurial opportunity perception is an important reason for entrepreneurs to be able to identify entrepreneurial opportunities [16], and entrepreneurs can identify entrepreneurial opportunities only when they perceive important information related to the opportunities at the right time and place [15], so that they can carry out entrepreneurial behaviors or decisions.Analysis of opportunity perception from the entrepreneurs themselves shows that even though opportunities exist objectively, they still need to be perceived and detected [17], and the stronger the ability to perceive entrepreneurial opportunities, the greater the likelihood of entrepreneurial activity occurring.Also, entrepreneurs pay more attention to opportunities related to knowledge or skills they are already familiar with, and the knowledge or skills that entrepreneurs possess will influence the discovery of opportunities in three areas: technology development, opportunity identification, and opportunity development [18].Therefore, the individual's entrepreneurial experience, pre-preparation, and relevant knowledge or skills will have an important moderating effect on the impact of external entrepreneurial opportunities on entrepreneurial intentions.
Based on the above analysis, the following hypotheses are proposed in this study: Hypothesis b1: The interaction of external entrepreneurial opportunities and internal entrepreneurial capabilities has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions.Risk-taking propensity has a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, and some empirical studies have shown that entrepreneurial attitudes that fear failure will weaken entrepreneurial intentions and behaviors when there are plenty of entrepreneurial opportunities [19].

The interactive influence of external
Based on the above analysis, the following hypotheses are proposed in this study: Hypothesis b2: The interaction of external entrepreneurial opportunities and internal entrepreneurial attitudes has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions.

Interactive effect of external entrepreneurial networks and internal entrepreneurial capabilities on entrepreneurial intentions
The development of entrepreneurial networks has an important role in entrepreneurial activity and has an influential role in the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities.The number and diversity of entrepreneurial nodes in the entrepreneurial network positively affect entrepreneurial activity [20].Some empirical studies have shown that the stronger the entrepreneur's network capabilities, the easier it is to identify entrepreneurial opportunities, thus, entrepreneurial networks have an important moderating effect on the impact of entrepreneurial opportunities on entrepreneurial intentions.The entrepreneur is the leader of a business, and the entrepreneur's ability to perceive the market will determine the direction of the business, and the entrepreneurial network is a vehicle for obtaining effective information, and the resources obtained from the entrepreneurial network are very useful for business development [21].There is a certain degree of cognitive deficit in the entrepreneurial process, for entrepreneurs should observe and imitate others to expand their cognitive scope [22], the external knowledge sources provided by entrepreneurial networks help entrepreneurs to complementary new knowledge, which is beneficial to build and enhance entrepreneurial capabilities [13].
According to this elaboration, it can be presumed that

ICDEBA 2023
The entrepreneurial network is a platform for entrepreneurial learning, and the result of entrepreneurial learning can trigger the improvement of entrepreneurial ability, enhance the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities, and thus influence entrepreneurial intention; through the theory of planned behavior, we know that individuals will be controlled by their intention to engage in a particular behavior, and their attitude toward this behavior will determine their behavioral intention [25], while some researchers have also argued that the greater the number of social relationships possessed, the greater the ability to identify entrepreneurial opportunities; others have demonstrated that self-efficacy, opportunity, and attitude are the main determining variables of entrepreneurial intentions [3].
Based on the above analysis, the following hypotheses were formulated in this study:

Empirical analysis
Based on the previous analysis in this paper and the relevant variables involved in the hypotheses derived from the literature analysis method, we test whether the relevant hypotheses hold by first conducting descriptive statistics and correlation analysis on them, followed by regression analysis.

Descriptive statistics
From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the mean value of education of the sample data population is 3.66, at the level of high school and above, and the mean age is 40.99 years.Among the four internal and external entrepreneurial conditions, the entrepreneurial attitude has the highest mean value of 0.59 and the entrepreneurial network has the lowest mean value of 0.40.The mean value of personal intention to start a business is 0.16, and overall the intention to start a business is not very strong.Further analyzing the frequencies of the independent and dependent variables (see Table 3), since all five variables are 0-1 variables, from the results of the frequency statistics, the percentage of people with entrepreneurial intentions is 16%, and among the four internal and external conditions affecting entrepreneurial intentions, the highest percentage of people who answered positively to entrepreneurial attitudes (choosing value 1) is 59.3%, followed by entrepreneurial ability, then entrepreneurial opportunities and the lowest is the entrepreneurial network, with only 39.6%.

Regression analysis
Because the dependent variable of entrepreneurial intentions studied in this paper belongs to the variables 0 and 1, we use binary logistic regression in the regression analysis.In the regression analysis(shown in table 5), the causal effects of each of the four independent variables proposed in this study on the dependent variable of entrepreneurial intentions and the interaction effects between external entrepreneurial conditions and internal entrepreneurial conditions were analyzed separately using SPSS software and using the steps of binary logistic regression analysis.Among them, Model B is a regression analysis for the three control variables, Model B is a regression analysis for the further inclusion of the four independent variables in the three control variables, Model C is a regression analysis for the two-by-two interaction effect of the internal and external independent variables, and Model D is a regression analysis for the three-factor interaction effect of the four independent variables.From the regression results of the three control variables on entrepreneurial intentions in Model A, the regression coefficient of education on entrepreneurial intentions is positive and significant (p=0), implying that the higher the education of the entrepreneurial individual, the stronger the entrepreneurial intentions.We also found that the regression coefficients of gender and age on entrepreneurial intentions were negative and significant

2 . 1
studies have analyzed that, at the individual level, individual entrepreneurial intentions are mainly influenced by personality traits, cognitive level, personal background, attitude, and experience.In addition, efficacy, and entrepreneurial networks are important factors that enhance individual entrepreneurial intentions [8].Some scholars have defined the elements of the entrepreneurial process model as people, opportunities, environment, risks, and rewards.In summary, we can find that entrepreneurial intentions are influenced by various aspects such as individual internal conditions and external environmental conditions and that entrepreneurial intentions are the result of a combination of wanting to do it (external opportunities and entrepreneurial network relationships), daring to do it (internal personal risk attitudes), and being able to do it (internal personal knowledge, experience, and skills).This study will synthesize the interactive effects of the four specific factors on entrepreneurial intentions to provide a more comprehensive and accurate theoretical explanation and practical predictive effect on the occurrence of entrepreneurial intentions and actual behavioral decisions.The influence of each of the internal and external entrepreneurial factors on the individual's willingness to start a business Firstly, entrepreneurial opportunities have an important role in influencing individual entrepreneurial intentions.Entrepreneurial intentions are closely related to the positivity and controllability that entrepreneurs show towards their surroundings; in other words, the stronger the entrepreneurial attractiveness of the surroundings or the richer the entrepreneurial resources, the stronger the entrepreneurial intentions of entrepreneurs [9].In addition, it has been shown that the richness and clarity of the prototype entrepreneurial opportunity have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions, thus, external entrepreneurial opportunities play an important role in the generation of entrepreneurial actions.
An entrepreneurial attitude is a subjective perception of entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial process that can directly influence individual entrepreneurial intentions.

2 . 3 4 SHS
entrepreneurial networks of entrepreneurs have an important influence on entrepreneurial competence enhancement of entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurs need to obtain new information or enhance entrepreneurial competence from entrepreneurial networks without interruption.Based on the above analysis, the following hypotheses are proposed in this study: Hypothesis b3: The interaction of external entrepreneurial networks and internal entrepreneurial ability has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions. is an important prerequisite for the development of breakthrough thinking, which can awaken innovation and creativity in individuals and is a key factor influencing their willingness to start a business [23].It has been shown that entrepreneurial attitudes are influenced by personal background, economic conditions, learning, experience, and culture [23], and in addition, it has been shown that entrepreneurial attitudes play a mediating role between social networks and entrepreneurial intentions.Entrepreneurial networks are platforms for entrepreneurs to conduct entrepreneurial learning, and entrepreneurial learning has a facilitating effect on entrepreneurial attitudes, and some studies have found that the more entrepreneurial knowledge entrepreneurs perceive, the more positive their entrepreneurial attitudes are [24]; therefore, entrepreneurial networks have a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitudes.Based on the above analysis, the following hypotheses are proposed in this study: Hypothesis b4: The interaction between external entrepreneurial networks and internal entrepreneurial attitudes has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions.The three-by-three interaction of internal and external entrepreneurial factors on individual entrepreneurial intentions Web of Conferences 181, 01054 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418101054 Hypothesis c1: The interaction of three factors, entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial network, and entrepreneurial ability, has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions.Hypothesis c2: The interaction of three factors, entrepreneurial network, entrepreneurial ability, and entrepreneurial attitude, has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions.Hypothesis c3: The interaction of entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial ability, and entrepreneurial attitude has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention.

( 8 SHS 5 . 2
p=0), indicating that women's entrepreneurial intentions were lower in the analyzed sample data, while the older the entrepreneurial individuals were, the weaker their entrepreneurial intentions were.From the results of the two-point regression analysis of each of the four independent variables in Model B on entrepreneurial intention, the regression coefficients of entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial network, entrepreneurial attitude, and entrepreneurial ability on entrepreneurial intention are positive and significant (p=0), with the regression coefficient of entrepreneurial ability being the largest, indicating that this independent variable has the strongest influence on entrepreneurial intention.Therefore, the four hypotheses proposed in this paper, such as a1, a2, a3, and a4, are supported and proved by the results of data analysis.From the results of the regression analysis of the two-by-two interaction effects of external entrepreneurial conditions and internal entrepreneurial conditions on entrepreneurial intention in model C, the regression coefficients of entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial network and entrepreneurial ability, and entrepreneurial network and entrepreneurial attitude are all positive and significant (p=0), so the four hypotheses proposed in the text, b1, b2, b3, and b4, are supported and proved by the results of the data analysis The results support and prove the results.From the results of the regression analysis of the interaction effect of the three factors of internal and external entrepreneurial conditions on entrepreneurial intention in model D, the interaction of entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial network and entrepreneurial ability, the interaction of entrepreneurial network, entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial attitude, and the interaction of entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial attitude on entrepreneurial intention have positive and significant regression coefficients (p=0), so the c1, c2, c3, etc. proposed in this paper 3 hypotheses are supported and proved by the results of data analysis.The entrepreneurial intention of entrepreneurial individuals is the result of the combined effect of multiple factors such as entrepreneurial network, entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial attitude, and is a comprehensive weighing of individuals' social network, entrepreneurial risk degree, possible benefits and other types of situations.In general, external entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial networks and internal entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial attitude all have an important impact on an individual's willingness to start a business.For the entrepreneurial individual, the larger the size of his or her network, the stronger his or her access to resources, the easier it is to identify entrepreneurial opportunities, the stronger his or her knowledge, skills and experience, and the stronger his or her willingness to start a business, and when the individual believes that entrepreneurship is important, he or she will have interest and confidence in entrepreneurship, and will have a positive attitude toward entrepreneurship, thus influencing entrepreneurial intention.However, the internal and external conditions of entrepreneurial network, entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial attitude are each only necessary but not sufficient factors to influence individuals' entrepreneurial intention, and individuals' entrepreneurial behavior and decision is a Web of Conferences 181, 01054 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418101054ICDEBA 2023 composite function of external opportunity and network relationship (want to do it), knowledge and skill (can do it) and risk attitude (dare to do it).Therefore, the impact of these factors on individual entrepreneurial intentions must be considered.Analyzing the impact on individual entrepreneurial intentions from one factor alone will greatly reduce the ability to predict actual outcomes.Policy Implications Entrepreneurship plays an important role in strengthening the overall capacity of a country.At present, our country actively advocates public innovation, and with the support of this policy, it is important to promote entrepreneurial activities to take root by increasing the willingness of individuals to start their businesses more efficiently.From this study, we can see that to improve the entrepreneurial atmosphere and competitiveness of the country, and to improve individual entrepreneurial willingness, government departments should consider how to improve individual entrepreneurial willingness in terms of entrepreneurial networks, entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial attitudes, etc.On the one hand, they should encourage universities to strengthen entrepreneurial education through lectures, forums, and club activities to cultivate individual entrepreneurial spirit, improve network-building ability and enhance entrepreneurship-related activities, On the other hand, the government should actively create an entrepreneurial environment, strive to develop an inclusive, fair and harmonious competitive market environment, lower the threshold and risk of entrepreneurship, improve the convenience of entrepreneurship, and at the same time play the role of policies and regulations in promoting entrepreneurship, and give support and preferential treatment in terms of entrepreneurial funds, financing and lending.

3 Research design 3.1 Variable measurement
the variables studied in this research, this paper mainly uses the Adult Population Survey (APS) from the Global Entrepreneurship Survey 2018, which provides survey data on motivation, attitude, ability, network, and entrepreneurial willingness of individuals from different countries, and it should be noted that entrepreneurial

Table 1 .
Sources and measurement types of internal and

Table 2 .
Mean and standard deviation statistics of internal and

Table 3 .
Frequency statistics of the independent and dependent 4.2 Correlation analysisFrom the results of correlation analysis(shown in table 4), among the four control variables, education has a significant positive correlation with entrepreneurial intention, and gender and age have a negative correlation 6

Table 4 .
Statistics of correlation analysis of internal and

Table 5 .
Statistics of binary logistic regression analysis of