Renewable energy and carbon emissions – Optimization of the whole industrial chain based on Super Arundo

. Arundo is a herbaceous perennial plant that originates from rhizomes. It is not used for food production. It can replace fossil energy, secure energy, accelerate carbon peak carbon neutrality, heal soil, and improve the environment. This research analyses the literature on Arundo's economic and environmental worth. Scientists have screened and domesticated over 230 wild arundo species from home and abroad to choose new super arundo variants for varied uses and accomplish large-scale planting. Ardonax helps farmers find jobs, earn more, achieve rural distributed energy self-supply, and develop sustainably, according to experiments. However, arundo may damage the local ecosystem after being introduced. The 5th generation of super ardonax can achieve mechanisation through greenhouse GAP domestication, energy self-supply through low-cost marginal land cultivation, land repair and improvement, farmers' income, and rural revitalization. This study examines Arundo's impact on China's national and local economies. The discussion compares application industry data. Arundo's product orientation and business strategy are driving economic estimates and market assessments of the entire industrial chain.


Introduction
China leads the world in R&D and innovation of energy plants, and is the first country in the industry to successfully cultivate low temperature tolerance, salt, alkali, waterlogging, heavy metal and other energy plant varieties, and supporting a variety of domestication, planting and deep processing solutions, can meet the diversified customized needs.At present, the whole industry chain of energy plant planting and resource utilization has been formed, covering the field protection, variety breeding, tissue culture and rapid propagation of wild arundo, GAP domestication, standardized cultivation, deep processing, marketing and cultural tourism.We are making every effort to build an Internet trading platform for the whole industry chain of energy plant.
A perennial grass belonging to the genus Ardonax [1].
Ardonax is mostly found in tropical regions of South and Southwest China, East China, Hunan, Jiangxi, Asia, Africa, and Oceania.close to the stream on sandy loam [2].It produces relatively high yields of desiccated biomass and requires fewer agricultural inputs than conventional (bioenergy) crops.This allows it to be competitive in terms of output.Typically, the plant is propagated in a laboratory using hydroponics or in vitro.
Even though the plant was first discovered in Asia, it has since spread throughout the world and is now cultivated in a broad variety of locations and climates.It is desirable for agricultural production because the plant can thrive in a variety of environmental and soil conditions and is resistant to the majority of parasites.
Arundo is regarded as sterile due to the fact that it cannot produce viable embryos that can develop into new plants.
Due to its high rate of reproduction, it is quite easy to detect along waterways.If arundo was recently introduced, it is conceivable that it will have an effect on the local ecology, disrupt the local equilibrium, and create a unique atmosphere.This makes it especially detrimental in temperate and tropical regions, which have minimal environmental requirements.However, the likelihood of colonisation is greater in areas that have Additionally, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the promoting effects of the entire industrial chain of arundo reclamation on the increase of farmers' income and rural reconstruction in China.In conclusion, this article will elaborate the product direction, business model, economic forecast, and market analysis of the entire industrial chain of Arundo, including the purchase plan of the seedlings for the next three years.This will be done based on the experimental results.

Method
In order to fully understand the economic value and  As is shown in Fig. 1, Ardonax can be cultivated, planted, harvested and dried to make paper and wood-based panels, bringing economic benefits.If it is crushed after drying, it can generate electricity and heat.
Or choose fast pyrolysis, generating pyrolysis gas and biochar, used as high-end building materials, also bring economic benefits.It can also be used as a carbon-based fertilizer for soil remediation, or as an amendment for environmental benefits.

Results
According to the research literature, arundo has been proposed as an energy crop due to its characteristics [3].
It is also used as a bioenergy feedstock for biofuel production and has the functional role of increasing biomass, maintaining soil carbon stocks for use in soil remediation and amendments [4].As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the ash content of arundo was higher than that of coconut shell but lower than that of sawdust, indicating that the calorific value of arundo was higher than that of coconut shell but lower than that of sawdust.But the volatile content is higher than the two, indicating that arundo is more combustible and more efficient than the two.Water content is lower than the two, indicating that the degree of spoilage is lower and the economic value is higher.
The fixed carbon of arundo is the highest among the three, indicating that its calorific value is also higher and the coal quality is better.ICDEBA 2023 According to the data in Table 3, it can be concluded that the current solar and wind power generation and electrolytic water hydrogen production equipment require large investment and high cost of hydrogen production, which is not suitable for the development of hydrogen production and downstream processing industry of hydrogen energy.Arundo is not only low in carbon emissions, but also low in investment intensity and cost.as the primary source of energy for people [5].Pindozzi concluded that arundo was beneficial to all economic aspects in these areas through case analysis of regional land use changes [6].Nsaganwimana et al. conducted experiments on the influence of super arundo on polluted water and soil restoration, and the research showed that super arundo could improve soil and water quality, as well as repair [7].Attila Jambor and Aron Torok agree that super arunax is an economically and environmentally sensible choice [8].
been flooded.Overall, ardonax has a substantial potential for biomass production, requires minimal inputs, and can be cultivated in a wide range of climates and soil types (including polluted ones).The novel polyploid variety of super Arundo offers low planting costs, superior land adaptability, straightforward field management, strong carbon absorption capacity, high yield, and favourable economic benefits.All of these benefits are a result of the polyploid character of the plant.Using cutting-edge molecular biology and synthetic biology techniques, the original cells of the wild Arundo donax were genetically transformed, and new varieties of super polyploid were immediately domesticated.This procedure was performed to produce hyper polyploids.This enables the possibility of one-time sowing, variable harvesting (once or multiple times a year), and harvesting over 15-20 years.The height of high-yielding super polyploid Ardonax plants, referred to as "super Ardonax" from now on, ranges from 5 to 8 metres, which is considerably greater than the height of wild ardonax and reed, which ranges from 2 to 4 metres.Moreover, the diameter, wall thickness, and tillering amount per plant are all significantly superior to those of wild Ardonax, demonstrating superior stress tolerance and obvious yield advantages.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of arundo on China's energy self-sufficiency supply, food security, land restoration and improvement through literature research and data comparison in this field.
environmental value of Ardonax ax, some experimental data were obtained from the National Institute of Biochar in Shenyang, China as theoretical basis.More than 230 kinds of wild arundo resources were used in this experiment, which were preserved in vitro by establishing aseptic lines.Using molecular marker techniques SNP/SSR, transcriptome sequencing, physical and chemical mutagenesis, trait linked genes, resistance-related differentially expressed genes and mutant parent cells were obtained.Then this paper will obtain the test results through gene editing technology, gene knockout technology, transgenic technology and cell fusion technology.At present, five varieties with high biomass, salt and alkali resistance, cold resistance, waterlogging resistance, feed, leaf change and so on have been selected and bred.Plant tissue culture technology has optimized the medium formula.This enables large-scale, low-cost, and efficient seedling cultivation.The survival rate of GAP domestication in greenhouses is as high as 98%.Ardonax belongs to the grass order, gramineae, the main way of reproduction is clonal reproduction.In recent years, scientists have discovered the economic and environmental restoration value of Arundo, and started to research and develop: first, to use modern genetic engineering technology to cultivate fine varieties, second, to break through the technical difficulties of large-scale production of arundo seedlings.Since 2013, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other research institutes have used modern bioengineering breeding technology to select and breed new varieties of Arundo, and established a rapid propagation system to breed new varieties with high yield, high fiber, high crude protein, disease and insect resistance, waterlogging, salt and alkali tolerance, drought tolerance and heavy metal enrichment.At present, it has been able to achieve large-scale production of tissue culture seedlings, with an annual production capacity of 150 million plants.Ardonax culture-medium will be produced according to different periods, different varieties of production lines, classified storage, standby.Then, tissues, organs or cells and 2 SHS Web of Conferences 181, 03001 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418103001ICDEBA 2023 protoplasts that meet the needs are separated from the plant body, and the whole plants can be regenerated by inoculation on the medium containing various nutrients and plant hormones under aseptic conditions through aseptic operation.

Fig. 1 .
Fig.1.Below shows the whole industrial chain of cultivation, planting and resource processing of arundo.

Fig. 2 .Fig. 3 . 5 SHS
Fig.2.Comparison of carbon emissions of hydrogen production from various energy sources

Fig. 4 . 4 Discussion
Fig.4.Specific profit accounting of arundo industry chainTable 3, 4 and Fig.4are the economic forecast of the whole industrial chain of Arundo.According to the data in the table, the investment of arundo only needs to pay high establishment cost in the first three years, and the subsequent maintenance cost is low and stable.The income is expected in 2-3 years, the subsequent income is much higher than the investment cost and the income is stable, and the after-tax profit remains stable from the fourth year.

5 Conclusion
strength.In the current situation of increasingly severe tree cutting policies, high yield and fast growth of arundo substitute wood market prospects are broad.The excessive application of chemical fertilizer inChina has caused certain damage to the environment.Therefore, China has put forward the plan of reducing the application of chemical fertilizer to reduce the adverse impact of agricultural fertilization on environmental quality and promote the increase of agricultural income and expenditure.On the other hand, the lack of basic fertility of agricultural soil in China affects the high yield and high quality of crops.The biochar produced by super arundo can achieve the best use effect of carbon-based fertilizer or soil amendment and be widely promoted at low cost.This paper systematically analyzed the environmental value and economic value of the whole industrial chain of super Arundo.The analysis results showed that, as a new high-yield energy plant, super Ardonax has been able to provide systematic, comprehensive and economical practical solutions for the hot and difficult issues of energy security, carbon peak carbon neutrality, ecological environment management and soil remediation and improvement in China to a certain extent.

Table 1 .
Industrial analysis of constituents of Arundo

Table 2 .
Comparison of biochar properties of different feedstock sources As is shown in Table2, Biochar can be used to repair and improve soil.It has porosity, can solve the problems of small pores, easy hardening, poor soil structure.Biomass carbon is alkaline, which can solve the problems of soil acidification, weak water holding and large evaporation.It has the complexability, can solve the problem of low nutrient, heat preservation, fertilizer protection ability.Biomass carbon also has organic fertility, which can solve the problem of fertility decline and organic matter content decline.Ardonax carbon production carbon fertilizer technology can produce carbon based compound fertilizer, carbon based soil amendment, has the effect of reducing fertilizer consumption, greenhouse gas emission reduction, water and soil moisture conservation, slow nutrient release, improve crop quality and increase crop yield.According to the data in Table2, the properties of arundo charcoal are superior to other raw materials.

Table 3 .
Future planting plan and economic benefits of Arundo donax

Table 4 .
Input-output ratio of asparagus industry chain Giertl et al.However, the strength of container bottom plate produced by the existing commonly used bamboo is 80MPa, and the sizing amount is as high as 30%.Visible, arundo plate weight is lighter, lower cost, greater also has the function of soil repair.Arundo itself is an excellent soil improvement plant with strong stress resistance and tolerance.It can grow on heavy metal pollution, organic pollution, oil pollution and other land.With its huge biomass production, it can quickly remove pollutants in soil and complete soil improvement and 8 SHS Web of Conferences 181, 03001 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418103001