Factors influencing post-breakup recovery: A review of relationship dynamics, individual differences, and therapeutic interventions

School of arts and social sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon, Hong Kong

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Romantic breakup is a universal experience, but its psychological and emotional consequences vary significantly among individuals. This review synthesizes empirical findings on key factors influencing post-breakup recovery, including relationship-specific variables, individual differences, and sociocultural contexts. Studies indicate that initiators typically recover faster, while continued contact with ex-partners prolongs distress, with notable gender differences. Therapeutic interventions such as play therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) show efficacy in alleviating breakup- related distress. However, their effectiveness can differ based on cultural background and personal differences. Current research is limited by its reliance on Western student samples and cross-sectional designs. Future studies should adopt longitudinal approaches, diversify participants, and explore stage-specific recovery processes to inform culturally adaptive interventions. This review underscores the need for personalized, evidence- based strategies to support post-breakup adjustment and resilience.