Modern Demographic Processes in Ukraine, Factors of Influence

¹ Odesa I.I. Mechnykov National University, Champaign lane, 2, Odesa, 65058, Ukraine
² Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, M. Kryvoniis st., 2, Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine
³ Khmelnytsky Humanities and Pedagogic Academy, Proskurivs'koho Pidpillya St, 139, Khmelnytskyi, 29013, Ukraine

^* Corresponding author: yavorskaya@onu.edu.ua

Abstract

The presented article gives the analysis of the modern demographic indicators such as life expectancy, age structure and fertility rate of the population in Ukraine and their geographical differences. The aim of the research is a spatial analysis of the demographic situation to determine the development trends of the population of the regions of Ukraine. In the conditions of depopulation and gradual aging of labor force in Ukraine requirements to its qualitative characteristics, first of all a state of health and average life expectancy grow. Ukraine belongs to the countries with high intensity of depopulation processes that is caused by a number of various factors of economic, socio-cultural, institutional character. Large-scale and protracted depopulation is now a component and one of the most pronounced manifestations of the general crisis demographic situation in Ukraine. The tendencies of influence of average life expectancy on indicators of population aging are investigated in the work. The regional analysis is carried out and territorial differences in indicators of average life expectancy and indicators of population aging are defined. The reasons for such a tense situation have been identified. The paper emphasizes that the development of really effective measures aimed at bringing the oblasts out of the deep demographic crisis and slowing down the progressive depopulation should focus not only on reducing mortality, but mainly on improving the health of the population, which can correct high mortality. These demographic trends increase global demographic asymmetry, give a special sharpness and new "sound" to the demographic problem in the global context, and, in addition, have long-term socio-economic consequences for countries with depopulation and deepening aging. In view of this, there is now a need for a comprehensive scientific understanding of the phenomenon of depopulation and assessment of its possible prospects, the development of a strategy to influence depopulation processes by means of sociodemographic policy. In our country, the study of depopulation factors, its nature and origins, analysis of the peculiarities of the deployment of depopulation and assessment of its consequences have become particularly relevant.