Les répercussions de l’exclusion financière au Maroc sur l’environnement : analyse à travers l’application de la théorie enracinée

The Implications of Financial Exclusion in Morocco on the Environment: An Analysis through the Application of Grounded Theory

Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences de Gestion des Organisation, ENCG, Université Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Maroc

Résumé

Le Maroc a lancé une initiative en 2015 visant à favoriser l’accès et l’utilisation, des ménages et entreprises, à des services financiers de base, tels que l’ouverture de comptes bancaires, la souscription de prêts, l’épargne et l’assurance et ce dans le cadre de sa stratégie nationale d’inclusion financière. Cependant, l’exclusion financière reste un défi majeur, avec des facteurs et des obstacles qui entravent cet objectif. Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à explorer en profondeur ces facteurs d’exclusion financière au Maroc et à comprendre leur impact sur l’environnement. Notre approche de recherche repose sur l’application de la théorie enracinée, combinant des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives. Nous avons mené une étude en utilisant des questionnaires et des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de la population marocaine âgée de 18 ans et plus pendant deux mois (avril et mai 2023), et avec utilisation des logiciels tels que SPSS et N’vivo pour analyser les données. Les résultats mettent en évidence plusieurs facteurs contribuant à l’exclusion financière, dont la défiance envers les institutions financières, le faible niveau d’éducation et de connaissances financières, ainsi que l’absence de produits et services financiers adaptés aux besoins individuels et aux besoins environnementaux, tels que le financement de projets de préservation de l’environnement. Pour surmonter ces obstacles, il est crucial de développer des programmes d’éducation financière et de renforcer la transparence et la responsabilité des institutions financières.

Abstract

In 2015, Morocco launched an initiative to promote access to basic financial services for households and businesses, including opening bank accounts, accessing loans, savings, and insurance, as part of its national financial inclusion strategy. However, financial exclusion remains a major challenge, with various factors and obstacles hindering this objective. This study aims to explore these factors of financial exclusion in Morocco in depth and understand their impact on the environment. Our research approach relies on the application of grounded theory, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. We conducted a two-month study (April and May 2023) using questionnaires and semistructured interviews with the Moroccan population aged 18 and above. Data analysis was performed using software such as SPSS and N’vivo. The results highlight several contributing factors to financial exclusion, including distrust in financial institutions, low levels of education and financial literacy, as well as the lack of financial products and services tailored to individual and environmental needs, such as financing for environmental preservation projects.To overcome these obstacles, it is crucial to develop financial education programs and enhance transparency and accountability in financial institutions. Additionally, creating financial products and services that address environmental needs can have a positive impact on both financial inclusion and environmental conservation in Morocco. Reformulated in English: In 2015, Morocco launched an initiative to promote access to basic financial services for households and businesses, including opening bank accounts, accessing loans, savings, and insurance, as part of its national financial inclusion strategy. However, financial exclusion remains a major challenge, with various factors and obstacles hindering this objective. This study aims to explore these factors of financial exclusion in Morocco in depth and understand their impact on the environment. Our research approach relies on the application of grounded theory, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. We conducted a two-month study (April and May 2023) using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with the Moroccan population aged 18 and above. Data analysis was performed using software such as SPSS and N’vivo. The results highlight several contributing factors to financial exclusion, including distrust in financial institutions, low levels of education and financial literacy, as well as the lack of financial products and services tailored to individual and environmental needs, such as financing for environmental preservation projects. To overcome these obstacles, it is crucial to develop financial education programs and enhance transparency and accountability in financial institutions. Additionally, creating financial products and services that address environmental needs can have a positive impact on both financial inclusion and environmental conservation in Morocco.