Issue |
SHS Web of Conferences
Volume 27, 2016
5e Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Française
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Article Number | 04003 | |
Number of page(s) | 14 | |
Section | Histoire du français : perspectives diachronique et synchronique | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20162704003 | |
Published online | 04 July 2016 |
Pragmaticalisation parallèle des marqueurs discursifs : le cas de déjà
Université de Potsdam, Allemagne
Les marqueurs discursifs ont subi un processus de pragmaticalisation, un cas particulier de grammaticalisation, dans lequel ils ont été décatégorisés et ont acquis une fonction en dehors de la phrase. Cette fonction leur permet d’établir des relations entre des énoncés et de marquer la valeur informative de certaines parties d’un énoncé. Quand on observe la fonction des étyma des ces éléments en latin (classique et non-classique), on peut constater un usage des particules en question que l’on retrouve en français contemporain. Ainsi iam dans l’exemple suivant sert de connecteur et ne remplit aucune fonction dans la phrase : Iam id porro utrum libentes an inviti dabant? (Cic. Ver. 3.118.). Il y a des mots latins qui fonctionnaient déjà comme marqueurs discursifs et qui ont élargi leur fonction au cours de l’histoire. Est-ce que cette constatation remet en question leur étude en termes de grammaticalisation ou de pragmaticalisation ? Nous voulons démontrer que cela n’est pas le cas. Chacune des particules étudiées connaît une période de ‘réinvention’ en tant que marqueur discursif, c’est-à-dire qu’on ne peut pas constater un usage continu à partir du latin. Ce fait est certainement dû au manque de textes oraux ou de textes qui ont un certain trait d’oralité simulée.
Abstract
Discourse markers emerge from a process of pragmaticalization. We treat pragmaticalization as a special case of grammaticalization, in which discourse markers are decategorized and change their meanings so that they can assume a function outside the sentence. This function allows them to create relations between utterances and to mark the informational value of certain parts of an utterance. When we examine the function of these elements’ etyma in either classical or non-classical Latin, we can observe a use of these particles that occurs also in present-day French. In this way, iam serves as a connector in the following examples and has no function within the sentence: Iam id porro utrum libentes an inviti dabant? (Cic. Ver. 3.118.) In Latin there were already words which served as discourse markers and which have extended their function in the course of their development. Does this present a problem for considering their development as instances of grammaticalization and pragmaticalization? We seek to demonstrate that this is not the case. Each of the particles under consideration went through a period of “reinvention” as a discourse marker; that is, we cannot establish any continuous use beginning with Latin. This discontinuity is no doubt in part due to the lack of oral texts or texts that seek to imitate spoken language. The differentiation of the meanings of discourse markers would seem to be a panchronic phenomenon, which has a cognitive basis, but which must first become established in individual languages. In the Romance languages this development proceeded over the course of several centuries and began at different points in time. Despite this, the development occurred independently of mutual influences between the language but still led to largely the same result.
© Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2016
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