Traditional Balinese Architecture: From Cosmic to Modern

Interior Design Department, Faculty of Art and Design, Petra Christian University, Siwalankerto 121–131, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: ronald_his@petra.ac.id

Abstract

Balinese architecture often considers aspects of climate and natural conditions as well as environmental social life. This is to obtain a balance in the cosmos, between human life (bhuana alit / microcosm) and its natural environment (bhuana agung /macrocosm). However, Bali's progress in tourism has changed the way of life of the people, which is in line with Parsons Theory of Structural Functionalism, that if there is a change in the function of one part of an institution or structure in a social system, it will affect other parts, eventually affecting the condition of the social system as a whole. The shift in perspectives has caused structural and functional changes in Balinese architecture. The building design or architecture that emerges today is no longer oriented towards cosmic factors but is oriented towards modern factors, developing in the interests of tourism, commercialization, and lifestyle. The change has had an impact on spatial planning, building orientation, architectural appearance, interior furnishings and local regulations in architecture. In order to prevent Balinese architecture from losing its authenticity in its original form, which is full of spiritual meaning and local Balinese traditions, it is necessary to have a guideline on the specifications of Balinese architectural design that combines elements of aesthetics, comfort, technology, and spirituality. Through this guideline, Balinese architecture can exist in modern times without losing its traditional values.