Church and Gospel Teachers in Minahasa

¹ History Education Program, Faculty of Social Science and Law, Universitas Negeri Manado,
² History Education Program, Faculty of Social Science and Law, Universitas Negeri Manado,
³ History Education Program, Faculty of Social Science and Law, Universitas Negeri Manado,
⁴ Aquatic Resources Departement, Agriculture Facutly, Universitas Musamus

^* Corresponding author: darmawanediwinoto@unima.ac.id

Abstract

This research aims to historically explain the general situation of Dutch colonialism in the early twentieth century in Minahasa. Research also describes the motivation and purpose of forming the Pangkal Setia organization by zending teachers in the early twentieth century. It explains the results of the struggle obtained by the zending teachers through the Pangkal Setia organization in the early twentieth century in Tomohon. According to Marc Bloch (1988), this research uses the historical method, which consists of 4 (four) stages, namely problem formulation and historical observation; data collection is implemented by studying documents: archives, books, magazines, newspapers, and research results earlier. The data from archives and other sources are historically critiqued and interpreted into facts, then assembled into historical stories of the events studied. The study results concluded that the Nederlandsche Zendelingen Genootschape-NZG (Gospel Preaching Agency) carries out its mission in Indonesia. It also seeks education through opening schools for the community in its working area. The NZG applied the same task in Minahasa and later produced two groups of educated people, called 'Congregational Teachers and Gospel Teachers'. However, in carrying out their church ministry duties, they were distinguished when they served during the Indische Kerk (Dutch colonial government church) in Minahasa.